ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic adaptations in cancer progression.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Metabolic adaptations of brain metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing's sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- PMS2 amplification contributes brain metastasis from lung cancer.Biological procedures online · 2024Article
- Targeting SREBP-1-Mediated Lipogenesis as Potential Strategies for Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Mechanical and metabolic interplay in the brain metastatic microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IS REQUIRED FOR BREAST CANCER BRAIN METASTASIS.Nature cancer · 2021Article
- The Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Dysplastic and Malignant Oral Lesions.Cancers · 2021Article
- Autophagy-mediated tumor cell survival and progression of breast cancer metastasis to the brain.Journal of Cancer · 2021Review
- GRP94 promotes brain metastasis by engaging pro-survival autophagy.Neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Reply to Letter to the Editor.Neuro-oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation may happen in response to the pressure exerted by the microenvironment and is a key step in survival of metastatic cells. Brain metastasis occurs as a consequence of the systemic dissemination of tumor cells, a fact that correlates with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers that allow a more targeted therapy. Previously, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human breast cancer patient samples and evaluated the differential expression of genes in brain metastasis (BrM) compared to lung, bone and liver metastasis. Our network approach identified upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) as well as proteins related to synthesis of fatty acids (FA) in BrM. Here we report that BrM cells show an increase in FA content and decreased saturation with regard to parental cells measured by Raman spectroscopy that differentiate BrM from other metastases. Moreover, BrM cells exerted a high ability to oxidize FA and compensate hypoglycemic stress due to an overexpression of proteins involved in FA synthesis and degradation (SREBP-1, LXRα, ACOT7). GRP94 ablation restored glucose dependence, down-regulated ACOT7 and SREBP-1 and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. In conclusion, GRP94 is required for the metabolic stress survival of BrM cells, and it might act as a modulator of lipid metabolism to favor BrM progression.
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