ArticlePLoS pathogens2019
Human apolipoprotein E promotes hepatitis B virus infection and production.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- ApoE4 associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes via downregulation of ACE2 and imbalanced RAS pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Promotion of hepatitis B virus infection by extracellular apolipoprotein E.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The physiological effects of APOE genotype in healthy young/middle-aged individuals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Disrupting Viral Persistence: CRISPR/Cas9-Based Strategies for Hepatitis B and C Treatment, and Challenges.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Hepatitis B virus is a stealth virus that minimizes proteomic and secretomic changes in primary human hepatocytes.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- HBV and host metabolic crosstalk: Reprogramming pathways for viral replication and pathogenesis.Virologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Syndecan 2 proteoglycan serves as a hepatitis B virus cell attachment receptor.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes promote the secretion of collagen VI to the extracellular matrix.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the molecular mechanisms and clinical potential of APO+ endothelial cells associated with PANoptosis in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma using single-cell sequencing data.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Apolipoprotein E selectively supports gammaherpesvirus replication in macrophages.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Recruitment of apolipoprotein E facilitates Herpes simplex virus 1 attachment and release.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Advances in molecular regulation and function of LDLR family in viral infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Effects of the subtypes of apolipoprotein E on immune inhibition and prognosis in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- The low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E associated with CCHFV particles mediate CCHFV entry into cells.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Culprit Behind HBV-Infected Hepatocytes: NTCP.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 as a New Antiviral Strategy for Treating Hepatitis Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Apolipoprotein E and viral infection: Risks and Mechanisms.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Hepatitis delta virus RNA decline post-inoculation in human NTCP transgenic mice is biphasic.mBio · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV chronically infects about 240 million people worldwide, posing a major global health problem. The current standard antiviral therapy effectively inhibits HBV replication but does not eliminate the virus unlike direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for curing hepatitis C. Our previous studies have demonstrated that human apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays important roles in hepatitis C virus infection and morphogenesis. In the present study, we have found that apoE is also associated with HBV and is required for efficient HBV infection. An apoE-specific monoclonal antibody was able to capture HBV similar to anti-HBs. More importantly, apoE monoclonal antibody could effectively block HBV infection, resulting in a greater than 90% reduction of HBV infectivity. Likewise, silencing of apoE expression or knockout of apoE gene by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a greater than 90% reduction of HBV infection and more than 80% decrease of HBV production, which could be fully restored by ectopic apoE expression. However, apoE silencing or knockout did not significantly affect HBV DNA replication or the production of nonenveloped (naked) nucleocapsids. These findings demonstrate that human apoE promotes HBV infection and production. We speculate that apoE may also play a role in persistent HBV infection by evading host immune response similar to its role in the HCV life cycle and pathogenesis. Inhibitors interfering with apoE biogenesis, secretion, and/or binding to receptors may serve as antivirals for elimination of chronic HBV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.