Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31393363›Full record

Observational studyMedicine2019

The impact of Medicare part D prescription drug benefit program on generic drug prescription: A study in long-term care facilities.

Changmi Jung, Rema Padman, Shamena Anwar

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Potential Cost Savings in Medicare Part D for Otolaryngologic Medications.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Changmi JungCarey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Rema PadmanThe H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
Shamena AnwarRand Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To examine whether the Medicare Part D program had an impact on the generic drug prescription rate among residents in long-term care facilities.We analyzed prescription data for 3 drug classes (atypical antipsychotic, proton pump inhibitor, and statin) obtained from a regional online pharmacy serving long-term care centers in Pennsylvania from January 2004 to December 2007.Difference-in-difference is used as a primary analysis method, and different regression methods (probit and multinomial) are used to accommodate different types of outcome measures.Contrary to expectations, the Part D program did not have a statistically significant impact on the generic prescription rate in the long-term care setting during the study period. Only the statin class showed a dramatic increase in generic drug prescriptions, mainly due to the loss of patent protection for one of the most popular brand-name drugs in the class.The complex dynamics of the prescription drug market, particularly the availability of generic versions of popular prescription medications, had a bigger role in increasing the prescription rate of generic drugs than the Part D program. This warrants the need to relax prescription medicines' patent policies and for further study on the impact of such policies.

Indexed as

Drugs, GenericAgedAged, 80 and overAntipsychotic AgentsCase-Control StudiesDrug PrescriptionsDrug SubstitutionDrug Utilization ReviewFemaleHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsInsurance, Pharmaceutical ServicesLong-Term CareMaleMedicare Part DPractice Patterns, Physicians'Antipsychotic AgentsDrugs, GenericHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsProton Pump Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID31393363
PMCPMC6708617

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.