ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2019
Inflammation and breast density among female Chinese immigrants: exploring variations across neighborhoods.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory marker changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Circulating Inflammatory Markers and Mammographic Density Phenotypes: a Mendelian Randomization Analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Pre-diagnostic DNA methylation patterns differ according to mammographic breast density amongst women who subsequently develop breast cancer: a case-only study in the EPIC-Florence cohort.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Article
- Association between indicators of systemic inflammation biomarkers during puberty with breast density and onset of menarche.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe examined associations of inflammation with breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, among female Chinese immigrants and explored whether associations varied by neighborhood environment.
methodsAssessments of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and breast density were performed among 401 Chinese immigrants across the Philadelphia region. Participant addresses were geocoded, with the majority residing in areas representing traditional urban enclaves (i.e., Chinatown and South Philadelphia) or an emerging enclave with a smaller, but rapidly growing Chinese immigrant population (i.e., the Near Northeast). The remainder was classified as residing in non-enclaves.
resultsIn multivariable adjusted regression models, CRP was inversely associated with dense breast area (p = 0.01). Levels of sTNFR2 were also inversely associated with dense breast area, but these associations varied by neighborhood (interaction p = 0.01); specifically, inverse associations were observed among women residing in the emerging enclave (p = 0.03), but not other neighborhoods.
conclusionsAmong Chinese immigrant women, aggregate analyses that do not take neighborhood context into consideration can mask potential variations in association of inflammatory markers with breast density. Future studies should consider how neighborhood contextual factors may contribute to differential risk pathways.
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