ReviewMovement disorders clinical practice2019
Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Patients With Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection.
Review in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia associated with COVID-19: a case report and systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives and Practices in Infection-Related Movement Disorders (IRMD): Insights from a Survey of Members of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Action tremor and myoclonus as possible early markers in neuroinvasive West nile virus infection: a case series from the 2025 campania outbreak.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Cellular Immune Response in Horses After West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A case report of long-latency evoked diaphragm potentials after exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia in post-West Nile virus meningoencephalitis.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Underestimated virus impaired cognition-more evidence and more work to do.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical and Diagnostic Features of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in New York City.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis-A Consideration for Earlier Investigation.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in patients with West Nile neuroinvasive disease, Belgrade area, Serbia, season 2022.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Infections in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies: A Renewed Perspective, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Overview of management of infection-related movement disorders with focus on specific-infections.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
- Acute pediatric encephalitis: etiology, course, and outcome of a 12-year single-center immunocompetent cohort.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection-Associated Acute Flaccid Paralysis With Ophthalmoplegia.Cureus · 2023Article
- Review
- Neurology of Acute Viral Infections.The Neurohospitalist · 2022Review
- Viruses, parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: the past, present and future.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Psychosis as a Treatment Target in Dementia: A Roadmap for Designing Interventions.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Review
- Video Anthology of Movement Disorders Due to Infections in South Asia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that is recognized as one of the common causes of arboviral neurological disease in the world. WNV infections usually manifest with constitutional symptoms such as fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash, arthralgia, and headache. Neuroinvasive WNV infections are characterized by signs and symptoms suggestive of meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. In addition, many patients with neuroinvasive WNV infection develop a wide range of movement disorders. This article aims to comprehensively review the spectrum and natural course of the movement disorders observed in patients with neuroinvasive WNV infections.
methodsA literature search was performed in March 2019 (in PubMed and EMBASE) to identify articles for this review.
resultsMovement disorders observed in the context of WNV infections include tremor, opsoclonus-myoclonus, parkinsonism, myoclonus, ataxia, and chorea. Most often, these movement disorders resolve within a few weeks to months with an indolent course. The commonly observed tremor phenotypes include action tremor of the upper extremities (bilateral > unilateral). Tremor in patients with West Nile meningitis subsides earlier than that in patients with West Nile encephalitis/acute flaccid paralysis. Opsoclonus-myoclonus in WNV infections responds well to intravenous immunoglobulins/plasmapheresis/corticosteroids. Parkinsonism has been reported to be mild in nature and usually lasts for a few weeks to months in the majority of the patients.
conclusionA wide spectrum of movement disorders is observed in neuroinvasive WNV infections. Longitudinal studies are warranted to obtain better insights into the natural course of these movement disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.