ArticleCancers2019
Cancer-Derived VEGF-C Increases Chemokine Production in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Promote CXCR2-Dependent Cancer Invasion and MDSC Recruitment.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pembrolizumab and cabozantinib in recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: biology, regulatory networks and theranostic prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cytokine Regulation of the Bone Pre- and Metastatic Niches: Implications for Breast Cancer Dormancy.Cells · 2026Review
- VEGFC as a prognostic cytokine biomarker linking lymph node metastasis to immune suppression in breast cancer.European cytokine network · 2026Article
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Function, Migration, and Therapeutic Opportunities in Glioblastoma.Cells · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated preconditioning of osteoblasts by ER+ breast cancer cells: implications for the bone metastatic niche.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple myeloma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TAF7 directly targets SAA1 to enhance triple-negative breast cancer metastasis via phosphorylating E-cadherin and N-cadherin.iScience · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms governing the differentiation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Guardians and Mediators of Metastasis: Exploring T Lymphocytes, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Clinicopathological significance of microsatellite instability and immune escape mechanism in patients with gastric solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2024Article
- Key players of immunosuppression in epithelial malignancies: Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and γδ T cells.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Unveiling the immunosuppressive landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: implications for innovative immunotherapy strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- The recent progress of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and its targeted therapies in cancers.MedComm · 2023Review
- Optimized CAR-T therapy based on spatiotemporal changes and chemotactic mechanisms of MDSCs induced by hypofractionated radiotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Local radiotherapy for murine breast cancer increases risk of metastasis by promoting the recruitment of M-MDSCs in lung.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- BACH1-induced ferroptosis drives lymphatic metastasis by repressing the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been shown to enhance lymphangiogenesis in lymph nodes to accelerate cancer metastasis. However, the remodeling of lymph node microenvironments by VEGF-C remains elusive. By in vivo selection, we established a subline (named as "LC") with strong lymphatic tropism and high VEGF-C expression from the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Co-culture with LC cells or treatment with LC-conditioned medium upregulated the expression of CXC chemokines in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which could be inhibited by pre-incubation with VEGF-C-neutralizing antibodies and VEGFR3 inhibitors. The chemokines produced by LECs enhanced recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumor-draining and distant lymph nodes in tumor-bearing mice. Treatment with a CXCR2 inhibitor after tumor cell inoculation dramatically decreased the number of MDSCs in lymph nodes, suggesting the importance of the chemokine/CXCR2 signaling axis in MDSC recruitment. In addition, LEC-released chemokines also stimulated the expression of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in cancer cells, enhancing their lymphatic invasion by increasing VE-cadherin phosphorylation, junction disruption, and vascular permeability of LECs. Clinical sample validation confirmed that SAA1 expression was associated with increased lymph node metastasis. Collectively, we reveal a novel mechanism by which cancer cell-derived VEGF-C remodels lymphovascular microenvironments by regulating chemokine production in LECs to promote cancer invasion and MDSC recruitment. Our results also suggest that inhibition of CXCR2 is effective in treating lymphatic metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.