Nutrition Monitoring of Children Aged Birth to 24 Mo (B-24): Data Collection and Findings from the NHANES.

The first 2 y of life are characterized by several transitions that can affect growth, development, and eating patterns long term. These include a shift from a primarily milk-based eating pattern to introduction of complementary foods at ∼4-6 mo of age, and passage to family-meal patterns in toddler years. Recognizing the importance of this critical period, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans from 2020 onwards will include guidance for children aged birth to 24 mo (B-24). Few large-scale surveys provide comprehensive, nationally representative, quantitative, recent data on infant and toddler nutrition in the United States. The continuous NHANES has collected data relevant to this initiative since 1999 using standardized interview and examination protocols. These include data on infant feeding practices, dietary intakes (foods, beverages, and supplements), anthropometry, and blood-based nutritional status on nationally representative samples of infants and toddlers. NHANES data can be used to describe large group-level consumption patterns, as well as trends over time for B-24 children overall, and by demographic groups (e.g., race-ethnic and income groups). In addition, NHANES data can be analyzed to examine adherence to nutrition-related recommendations, such as those from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and to track Healthy People 2020 objectives. This paper provides an update on NHANES nutrition monitoring in B-24 children since our previous publication (which provided details through NHANES 2009-2010) and describes data collection since 2010 and plans for upcoming cycles. It also describes key NHANES-based findings published in the last 5 y on infant feeding practices, dietary intakes and supplement use, and nutritional status of US children aged <2 y. Findings related to existing recommendations, such as from the AAP, are presented when available. This information can inform researchers and policymakers on the state of nutrition in the US B-24 population and its subgroups of interest.