ArticlePloS one2019
Permian metabolic bone disease revealed by microCT: Paget's disease-like pathology in vertebrae of an early amniote.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skeletal pathologies in extant crocodilians as a window into the paleopathology of fossil archosaurs.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Update on the pathogenesis and genetics of Paget's disease of bone.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Sacral co-ossification in dinosaurs: The oldest record of fused sacral vertebrae in Dinosauria and the diversity of sacral co-ossification patterns in the group.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Case study of radial fibrolamellar bone tissues in the outer cortex of basal sauropods.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Novel report of an osteogenic tumor in a late Jurassic Mamenchisaurid from Thailand.Journal of anatomyArticle
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4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
Bone remodeling is an essential physiological process in growth and healing. In modern systems deviations from normal bone physiology in the form of pathologies aid in the understanding of normal bone metabolism. Here we use external morphology and X-ray microtomography to diagnose and describe a metabolic bone disease in an amniote from the early Permian. The specimen consists of two fused tail vertebrae of a small varanopid from early Permian (289 million years old) cave deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, USA. Inspection of the outer morphology reveals that the fusion encompasses the vertebral centra, zygopophyses and haemal arches, with the fusion zones distinctly swollen on the left side of the specimen. With visualization of its internal structure by microCT, this specimen is diagnosed as a complex metabolic bone disease. The radiological imaging suggests a pathologically high bone turnover rate, as shown by abnormal bone formation in some areas and increased bone resorption in others. This supports that the varanopid suffered from a metabolic bone disease similar to Paget's disease of bone as seen in humans today, which is linked to both genetic and viral factors. This finding extends the occurrence of Paget-like disease to the early Permian, and-provided a viral component was present-would also be by far the oldest evidence of viral infection in the fossil record.
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