SynthesisPloS one2019
Measuring Cognitive Reserve (CR) - A systematic review of measurement properties of CR questionnaires for the adult population.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The relationship among cognitive reserve and symptoms, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia: A case-control study and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive reserve in individuals with frontotemporal dementia: a systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2024Pooled it
- The Assessment of Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review of the Most Used Quantitative Measurement Methods of Cognitive Reserve for Aging.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive reserve in healthy older adults at different cognitive states.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Theoretical and practical challenges for capturing reserve and resilience in aging and Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Psychometric Properties of the Italian Adaptation of the Subjective Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire Based on Modifiable Lifestyle Factors (SCR-Q).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Contribution of Cognitive Reserve to Mental Health Against Adversarial Life Events in a Large Cross-Sectional Sample of Japanese People.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Moderating effect of the domains of the cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) on longitudinal change slopes in episodic memory across the cognitive aging continuum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Latent classes of self-management behaviors and a network model of influencing factors in community-dwelling older patients with chronic diseases: a healthy aging perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cognitive reserve and mild cognitive impairment in older adults of low socioeconomic status: evidence from an observational study in Colombia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Observational
- The relationship between trait curiosity and cognitive reserve in younger and older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beyond traditional proxies: the contribution of leisure to cognitive reserve and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Cognitive engagement may slow clinical progression and brain atrophy in Huntington's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mid- and late-life lifestyle activities as main drivers of general and domain-specific cognitive reserve in individuals with Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the LANDSCAPE study.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Associations between Physical Activity Frequency in Leisure Time and Subjective Cognitive Limitations in Middle-Aged Spanish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this systematic review was to summarize and critically appraise the quality of published literature on measurement properties of questionnaires assessing Cognitive Reserve (CR) in adults (>18 years).
methodsWe systematically searched for published studies on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science through August 2018. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies and the results on measurement properties based on a consensus-based standard checklist.
resultsThe search strategy identified 991 publications, of which 37 were selected evaluating the measurement properties of six different questionnaires. Construct validity of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire was most extensively evaluated, while evaluation of the remaining measurement properties of this questionnaire was scarce. Measurement properties of the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire and the Cognitive Reserve Scale were assessed more completely. While the Lifetime of Experience Questionnaire seems to be the most thorough instrument, a finale recommendation for one specific questionnaire cannot be drawn, since about half of the measurement properties for each questionnaire were poorly or not assessed at all.
conclusionsThere is a need of high quality methodological studies assessing measurement properties of CR questionnaires, especially regarding content validity, structural validity, and responsiveness.
trial registrationPROSPERO Registration number CRD42018107766.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.