Trial reportEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2021
Features of urine S100B and its ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma: a prospective trial.
Trial report in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100B in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Neuronal and Glial Biomarkers in Urine of Athletes with Different Risks of Head Trauma to Monitor Sports-Related Concussions.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of traumatic brain injury: narrative review and future prospects in neurointensive care.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Hypoxemia increases blood-brain barrier permeability during extreme apnea in humans.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Microwave scan and brain biomarkers to rule out intracranial hemorrhage: study protocol of a planned prospective study (MBI01).European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: new concepts.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTraumatic brain injury causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. S100B is the most documented emergency brain biomarker and its urine-assay might be advantageous because of easier sampling. The primary aim was to evaluate urine S100B's ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage. Secondary aims included S100B temporal pattern for 48 h post-trauma and chemical properties of urine that affect urine S100B.
methodsPatients with head trauma were sampled for serum and urine S100B. Patients who were admitted for intracranial hemorrhage were sampled for 48 h to assess S100B-level, renal function, urine-pH, etc.
resultsThe negative predictive value of serum S100B was 97.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 89.5-99.2%] and that of urine S100B was 89.1% (95% CI 85.5-91.9%). The specificity of serum S100B was 34.4% (95% CI 27.7-41.6%) and that of urine was 67.1% (95% CI 59.4-74.1%). Urine-pH correlated strongly with urine S100B during the first 6-h post-trauma. Trend-analysis of receiver operator characteristics of S100B in serum, urine the arithmetic difference between serum and urine S100B showed the largest area under the curve for arithmetic difference, which had a negative predictive value of 93.1% (95% CI 89.1-95.8%) and a specificity of 71.8% (95% CI 64.4-78.4%).
conclusionThis study cannot support ruling out intracranial hemorrhage with urine S100B. Urine-pH might affect urine S100B and merits further studies. Serum and urine S100B have poor concordance and interchangeability. The arithmetic difference had a slightly better area under the curve and can be worth exploring in certain subgroups.
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