Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31388670›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020

Long-term Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Invasive Disease and Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians.

Kelley N Meder, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Frank Beard, Aditi Dey, Martyn Kirk, Heather Cook, Janet Strachan, Vitali Sintchenko, Helen Smith, Carolien Giele and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Kelley N MederNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Sanjay JayasingheNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Frank BeardNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Aditi DeyNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Martyn KirkNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Heather CookCentre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Australia.
Janet StrachanCommunicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Australia.
Vitali SintchenkoUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Helen SmithPublic Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, Australia.
Carolien GielePublic Health Division, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Benjamin HowdenMicrobiological Diagnostic Unit, Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Vicki KrauseCentre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Australia.
Peter McintyreNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Australian National University · AUChildren's Hospital at Westmead · AUNorthern Territory Health Services · AUThe University of Sydney · AUDepartment of Health and Human Services · AUGovernment of Western Australia Department of Health · AUNational Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance · AUQueensland Health · AUThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUniversal pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs began in Indigenous Australian children in 2001 and all children in 2005, changing to 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in 2011. We used laboratory data for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and coded hospitalizations for noninvasive pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (PnCAP) to evaluate long-term impact.

methodsAnnual incidence (per 100 000 population) was calculated for age-specific total IPD, PCV13 non-7-valent PCV (PCV7) serotypes, and PnCAP by Indigenous status. Incidence in the pre-universal PCV7 (2002-2004), early PCV7 (2005-2007), pre-PCV13 (2008 to mid-2011), and post-PCV13 (mid-2011 to 2016) periods was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

resultsIn the total population, all-age incidence of IPD declined from 11.8 pre-PCV7 to 7.1 post-PCV13 (IRR, 0.61 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .59-.63]) but for PnCAP declined among ages <1 year (IRR, 0.34 [95% CI, .25-.45]) and 1-4 years (IRR, 0.50 [95% CI, .43-.57]) but increased significantly among age ≥5 years (IRRs, 1.08-1.14). In Indigenous people, baseline PCV13 non-PCV7 IPD incidence was 3-fold higher, amplified by a serotype 1 epidemic in 2011. By 2015-2016, although incidence of IPD and PnCAP in children aged <5 years decreased by 38%, neither decreased in people aged ≥5 years.

conclusionsFifteen years post-PCV and 5 years post-PCV13, direct and indirect impact on IPD and PnCAP differed by age and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, with potential implications for long-term PCV impact in comparable settings.Fifteen years after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction and 5 years post-PCV13, direct and indirect impact on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia differed by age and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, with potential implications for long-term PCV impact in comparable settings.

Indexed as

Pneumococcal InfectionsPneumoniaAustraliaChildChild, PreschoolHeptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate VaccineHospitalizationHumansIncidenceInfantPneumococcal VaccinesSerogroupVaccines, ConjugateHeptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate VaccinePneumococcal VaccinesVaccines, ConjugateAustraliaimpactinvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcal conjugate vaccinespneumococcal pneumonia

Identifiers

PMID31388670
OpenAlexW2964479273

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.