SynthesisJournal of foot and ankle research2019
The reliability of the ankle brachial index: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulse Wave Velocity, Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Role of noninvasive ocular imaging as a biomarker in peripheral artery disease (PAD): A systematic review.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic People In Vivo: Measurements Suitable for Biomarker and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Buerger-Allen Exercises on Lower Extremity Perfusion in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Saphenous Vein Harvesting: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Trial
- Acute lower leg transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation increases leg blood flow and exercise capacity in patients with peripheral arterial disease.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of peripheral artery disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Clustering Analysis of Ankle-Brachial Index Related Metabolic and Body Composition Profiles Using K-Means Approach.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Article
- Bioadhesive and conformable bioelectronic interfaces for vasomotoricity monitoring and regulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Accessible Vascular Indicators for Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection: The Predictive Value of the Ankle-Brachial Index.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Relationship between vascular aging and left ventricular geometry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome-related hypertension.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of Mathematical Model for Understanding Microcirculation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Ankle-Brachial Index.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The use of a novel toe-thumb pressure index for assessing arterial status in the lower limb. A reliability and validity study.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2024Article
- Physiological and perceptual responses to acute arm cranking with blood flow restriction.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review.Circulation research · 2024Review
- In Association with Other Risk Factors, Smoking Is the Main Predictor for Lower Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Arterial Stiffness and Ankle-Brachial Index - Cross-Sectional Study of 259 Primary Care Patients ≥50 Year-Old.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Interventional surgery shows efficacy for diabetic patients withperipheral vascular disease.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Duplex ultrasound and pedal acceleration time as tools to evaluate foot perfusion: a literature review.Jornal vascular brasileiro · 2024Review
- Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms with Somatosensory Functions in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Older Adults and Its Impact on Quality of Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely used in clinical practice as a non-invasive method to detect the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Current guidelines suggest that it should be used to monitor potential progression of PAD in affected individuals. As such, it is important that the test is reliable when used for repeated measurements, by the same or different health practitioners. This systematic review aims to examine the literature to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the ABI.
methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL Complete was conducted to 20 January 2019. Two authors independently reviewed and selected relevant studies and extracted the data. Methodological quality was determined using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability (QAREL) Checklist.
resultsFifteen studies of ABI reliability in a range of patient populations were identified as suitable for inclusion in the review: seven considered inter-rater reliability, four intra-rater reliability, and four studies evaluated both inter- and intra-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability was found to be highly variable, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's) ranging from poor to excellent (ICC 0.42-1.00), while intra-rater also demonstrated considerable variation, with ICCs from 0.42-0.98. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the lack of statistical information reported.
conclusionsResults of included studies suggest the inter- and intra-tester reliability of the ABI is acceptable. However, inconsistencies in obtaining systolic pressure measurements, calculating ABI values, and incomplete reporting of methodologies and statistical analysis make it difficult to determine the validity of the results of included studies. Further research, with more consistent reliability methodology, statistical analysis and reporting conducted in populations at risk of PAD is needed to conclusively determine the ABI reliability.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.