Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31388335›Full record

ArticleCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2019

Costs of hospital-acquired

Thomas Heister, Martin Wolkewitz, Philip Hehn, Jan Wolff, Markus Dettenkofer, Hajo Grundmann, Klaus Kaier

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Risk Factors of Patients With Diarrhea for HavingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Thomas Heister1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Martin Wolkewitz1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Philip Hehn1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Jan Wolff2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Markus DettenkoferInstitute for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz, Radolfzell, Germany.
Hajo Grundmann4Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Klaus Kaier1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0837-6945

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHospital-acquired infections have not only gained increasing attention clinically, but also methodologically, as a time-varying exposure. While methods to appropriately estimate extra length of stay (LOS) have been established and are increasingly used in the literature, proper estimation of cost figures has lagged behind.

methodsAnalysing the additional costs and reimbursements of

resultsWe find that CDI is associated with €9000 of extra costs, €7800 of higher reimbursements, and 6.4 days extra length of stay. Using a conventional method, which suffers from time-dependent bias, we derive estimates more than three times as high (€23,000, €8000, 21 days respectively). We discuss our method in the context of recent methodological advances in the estimation of the costs of hospital-acquired infections.

conclusionsCDI is associated with sizeable in-hospital costs. Neglecting the methodological particularities of hospital-acquired infections can however substantially bias results. As the data needed for an appropriate analysis are collected routinely in most hospitals, we recommend our approach as a feasible way for estimating the economic impact of time-varying adverse events during hospital stay.

Indexed as

Clostridium difficileCostsHospital-acquired infectionsTime-dependent biasTime-varying exposures

Identifiers

PMID31388335
PMCPMC6670202

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.