ArticleMicrobial cell factories2019
Long-chain vitamin K2 production in Lactococcus lactis is influenced by temperature, carbon source, aeration and mode of energy metabolism.
Article in Microbial cell factories, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menaquinone biosynthesis inEngineering microbiology · 2026Review
- Synthetic microbial co-cultures for modular bioelectronic sensing in diverse environments.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Fermentation regulation and identification of short-chain and long-chain menaquinones (vitamin K2) fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Synthetic microbial co-cultures for modular bioelectronic sensing in diverse environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lipid-Modulating Effects ofNutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin K (Menaquinone) from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1: optimization, characterization and potential in vitro biological activities.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
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- Where Biology Meets Engineering: Scaling Up Microbial Nutraceuticals to Bridge Nutrition, Therapeutics, and Global Impact.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Lactic acid bacteria in the meat industry: flavor, function, and food safety.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of fermented foods: bone health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The Whole-Genome Sequencing and Probiotic Profiling ofNutrients · 2024Article
- Vitamin K2 in Health and Disease: A Clinical Perspective.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Brij-58 supplementation enhances menaquinone-7 biosynthesis and secretion in Bacillus natto.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Changes in Lacto-FermentedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intestinal dysbiosis exacerbates the pathogenesis of psoriasis-like phenotype through changes in fatty acid metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Current and promising therapies based on the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Production of Vitamin K by Wild-Type and Engineered Microorganisms.Microorganisms · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin K2 (menaquinone, MK-n) is a lipid-soluble vitamin that functions as a carboxylase co-factor for maturation of proteins involved in many vital physiological processes in humans. Notably, long-chain vitamin K2 is produced by bacteria, including some species and strains belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that play important roles in food fermentation processes. This study was performed to gain insights into the natural long-chain vitamin K2 production capacity of LAB and the factors influencing vitamin K2 production during cultivation, providing a basis for biotechnological production of vitamin K2 and in situ fortification of this vitamin in food products.
resultsWe observed that six selected Lactococcus lactis strains produced MK-5 to MK-10, with MK-8 and MK-9 as the major MK variant. Significant diversities between strains were observed in terms of specific concentrations and titres of vitamin K2. L. lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363 was selected for more detailed studies of the impact of selected carbon sources tested under different growth conditions [i.e. static fermentation (oxygen absent, heme absent); aerobic fermentation (oxygen present, heme absent) and aerobic respiration (oxygen present, heme present)] on vitamin K2 production in M17 media. Aerobic fermentation with fructose as a carbon source resulted in the highest specific concentration of vitamin K2: 3.7-fold increase compared to static fermentation with glucose, whereas aerobic respiration with trehalose resulted in the highest titre: 5.2-fold increase compared to static fermentation with glucose. When the same strain was applied to quark fermentation, we consistently observed that altered carbon source (fructose) and aerobic cultivation of the pre-culture resulted in efficient vitamin K2 fortification in the quark product.
conclusionsWith this study we demonstrate that certain LAB strains can be employed for efficient production of long-chain vitamin K2. Strain selection and optimisation of growth conditions offer a viable strategy towards natural vitamin K2 enrichment of fermented foods, and to improved biotechnological vitamin K2 production processes.
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