Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31387587›Full record

ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2019

Low dose of flurochloridone affected reproductive system of male rats but not fertility and early embryonic development.

Rui Li, Su Zhou, Hongyan Zhu, Zhichao Zhang, Jing Fang, Ping Liu, Yu Wang, Xiuli Chang, Yubin Zhang, Liming Tang and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Endocrine Disrupting Agents: Toxicological Aspects on Male Reproduction.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rui LiSchool of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Su ZhouPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Hongyan ZhuPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Zhichao ZhangPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Jing FangPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Ping LiuPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Yu WangPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Xiuli ChangSchool of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Yubin ZhangSchool of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Liming TangPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Zhijun ZhouSchool of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. zjzhou@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-2071
ZheJiang Institute For Food and Drug Control · CNFudan University · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81373040National Nature Science Foundation of China 81872643Shanghai Sailing Program 17YF1417000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFluorochloridone (FLC) is a widely used herbicide, and its target organs are testes and epididymides. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals classified FLC as Level 2-possibly cause fertility or fetal damage (no relevant data support). The maximum residue levels of FLC in processed crops have been reviewed in the latest European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) report in 2018. However, the toxic effect of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development is limited, and the health risk assessment of FLC needs further consideration. This study investigated the potential effects of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development in rats.

methodsOne hundred rats of each sex were divided into four groups including three FLC-treated groups at doses of 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, and a vehicle control group (0.5% (w/v) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Male and female rats were dosed for 9 and 2 consecutive weeks, intragastrically, prior to cohabitation and lasted throughout the mating period for males and continued until Gestation Day 7 (GD7) for females. Parameters such as weights and coefficients of reproductive organs, epididymal sperm number and motility, indexes of copulation, fecundity and fertility indexes, mating period, estrous cycle, corporalutea number, implantations, live, dead and resorbed fetuses, preimplantation loss rate, and postimplantation loss rate were observed in this study.

resultsObvious toxicity of male reproductive system was found at the dose of 15 mg/kg including decreases in testicular and epididymal weight, also in sperm motility rate. Whereas the increase in sperm abnormality rate was observed. However, no significant effects of FLC were found on lutea count, implantations count, fetuses count and weight, live fetuses count (rate), dead fetuses count (rate), resorbed fetuses count (rate), placentas weight, fetuses gender, preimplantation loss (rate) and postimplantation loss (rate). Furthermore, FLC had no adverse effects on fertility and early embryonic development in rats.

conclusionThe no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FLC on fertility and early embryonic development in rats was considered to be 5 mg/kg/day.

Indexed as

AnimalsEmbryonic DevelopmentFemaleFertilityGenitalia, MaleHerbicidesMaleOrgan SizePyrrolidinonesRatsSperm MotilityTestisHerbicidesPyrrolidinonesraiserEarly embryonic developmentFertilityFlurochloridoneRatsReproductive toxicity

Identifiers

PMID31387587
PMCPMC6685282
OpenAlexW2965491186

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.