ReviewBiomolecules2019
IL-38: A New Player in Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders.
Review in Biomolecules, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Serum IL-38 and the rs7599662 polymorphism: novel biomarkers for pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Advances in targeting IL-1 family cytokines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Interleukin-38: A Candidate Biomarker for Disease Severity in Advanced Steatotic Liver Disease.Cells · 2026Article
- Mast Cells Accumulate in the Stroma of Breast Adenocarcinoma and Secrete Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor-Damaging Mediators: Could IL-37 and IL-38 Play an Anti-Tumor Role?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Elevated serum interleukin-38 levels in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: diagnostic implications and correlations with inflammatory markers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-38 serum levels in breast cancer: A comparative analysis of women under 40 and over 50.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Interleukin-38 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage M1-like Polarization and Apoptosis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Butyrophilin 3A1 Contributes to Inflammation and Induces a Lupus-Like Disease by Inhibiting the IL-38-Ferroptosis Axis.MedComm · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Link Between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Changes in the Protein Composition of the Aqueous Humor in Patients with Glaucoma: An Update Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Blockade of IL-1 family cytokines in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The role of interleukin-37 and interleukin-38 in the development and remission of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Enhancing the treatment potential of IL-17 antagonism in lupus nephritis: finding the right partner.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Role of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in atrial fibrillation and heart failure: molecular and clinical aspects.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Expanding Role of Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines in Acute Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- IL-17 and IL-38 gene polymorphisms in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Unveiling cytokine charge disparity as a potential mechanism for immune regulation.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered IL-1 family cytokine, is expressed in several tissues and secreted by various cells. IL-38 has recently been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several receptors, including interleukin-36 receptor (IL-36R), interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL-1RAPL1), and interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) to block binding with other pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit subsequent signaling pathways; thereby regulating the differentiation and function of T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which are common immune-mediated inflammatory syndromes, are characterized by an imbalance between T helper cells (Ths), especially Th1s and Th17s, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent findings have shown that abnormal expression of IL-38 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, ankylosing spondylitis, and glaucoma, involves Th1s, Th17s, and Tregs. In this review, the expression, regulation, and biological function of IL-38 are discussed, as are the roles of IL-38 in various inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Current data support that the IL-38/IL-36R and/or IL-38/IL-1RAPL1 axis primarily play an anti-inflammatory role in the development and resolution of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and indicate a possible therapeutic benefit of IL-38 in these diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.