ReviewVaccine: X2019
A rapid evidence appraisal of influenza vaccination in health workers: An important policy in an area of imperfect evidence.
Review in Vaccine: X, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of interventions to increase healthcare workers' adherence to vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1993 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Costs and cost-effectiveness of influenza illness and vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review from 2012 to 2022.PLoS medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of the immunogenicity of adjuvanted and conventional egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel in Lima, Peru: A randomized controlled trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Trial
- Article
- Assessing vaccine coverage and delivery strategies for influenza and COVID-19 among Italian healthcare workers: A 2015-2023 case study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Analysis on willingness and its influencing factors of influenza vaccination among HCWs in Quzhou in 2022-2023 influenza season.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Next-generation vaccines for influenza B virus: advancements and challenges.Archives of virology · 2025Review
- Coverage of influenza vaccination and influencing factors among healthcare workers in Shandong Province, China, 2021-2022.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Exploring barriers to influenza vaccine uptake and recommendation among healthcare providers in the community in China: A qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Influenza Vaccination Behaviour of Healthcare Workers in Switzerland: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Influenza vaccination from the perspective of health care workers at university hospitals.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: a narrative review.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2022Review
- Influenza vaccination of home health care staff and the impact on patient hospitalizations.American journal of infection control · 2022Article
- Incidence of Influenza Virus Infection among Wroclaw's Healthcare Workers in Pre-COVID-19 2019-2020 Influenza Season Using Novel Flu SensDx Device.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage, Motivators for, and Barriers to Influenza Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Wroclaw, Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Cocoon vaccination for influenza in patients with a solid tumor: a retrospective study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
- Influenza Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in South Al Batinah Governorate in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Missed vaccinations and critical care admission: all you may wish to know or rediscover-a narrative review.Intensive care medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe World Health Organization recommends vaccination of health workers (HWs) against influenza, but low uptake is intransigent.We conducted a
methodsWe executed a comprehensive search of the available literature published from 2006 to 2018 in the English language. We developed search terms for seven separate questions following the PICO framework (population, intervention, comparators, outcomes) and queried nine databases.
resultsOf 3784 publications identified, 52 met inclusion criteria. Seven addressed HW influenza risk, of which four found increased risk; 15 addressed influenza vaccine benefit to HWs or their employers, of which 10 found benefit; 11 addressed influenza transmission from HWs to patients, of which 6 found evidence for transmission; 12 unique studies addressed whether vaccinating HWs produced patient benefit, of which 9 concluded benefits accrued. Regarding the number of HWs needed to vaccinate (NNV) to deliver patient benefit, NNV estimates ranged from 3 to 36,000 but were in significant disagreement. Fourteen studies provided insights on strategies to improve uptake; the strongest evidence was for mandatory vaccination.
conclusionsThe evidence on most questions related to influenza vaccination in HWs is mixed and often of low-quality. Substantial heterogeneity exists in terms of study designs and settings, making comparison between studies difficult. Notwithstanding these limitations, a majority of studies suggests that influenza vaccination benefit HWs and their employers; and HWs are implicated in transmission events. The effects of vaccinating HWs on patient morbidity and mortality may include reductions in all-cause mortality and influenza-like illness (ILI). Taken together, the evidence suggests that HW vaccination is an important policy for HWs themselves, their employers, and their patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.