ArticleVaccine: X2019
Effectiveness of oral rotavirus vaccination in England against rotavirus-confirmed and all-cause acute gastroenteritis.
Article in Vaccine: X, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines, 2006-19: a literature review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2020Pooled it
- 14 years of rotavirus A surveillance: unusual dominance of equine-like G3P[8] genotype with DS-1-like genotype constellation after the pandemic, Belgium, 2009 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Article
- Inequalities in uptake of childhood vaccination in England, 2019-23: longitudinal study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Investigating association between inflammatory bowel disease and rotavirus vaccination in a paediatric cohort in the UK.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- The Economic Value of Rotavirus Vaccination When Optimally Implemented in a High-Income Country.Vaccines · 2023Article
- The Value of Rotavirus Vaccination in Europe: A Call for Action.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Differences in epidemiology of enteropathogens in children pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction in Kilifi, coastal Kenya.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Defining the Recipe for an Optimal Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in a High-Income Country in Europe.Viruses · 2022Article
- Potential test-negative design study bias in outbreak settings: application to Ebola vaccination in Democratic Republic of Congo.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Acute Gastroenteritis Disease Burden in Infants With Medical Risk Conditions in the Netherlands.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Opinions and attitudes of Italian healthcare workers towards recommended but not compulsory rotavirus vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Multiple Introductions and Predominance of Rotavirus Group A Genotype G3P[8] in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, 4 Years after Nationwide Vaccine Introduction.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Group A Rotavirus Detection and Genotype Distribution before and after Introduction of a National Immunisation Programme in Ireland: 2015-2019.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe monovalent oral rotavirus vaccine Rotarix® was introduced into the UK infant immunisation programme in 2013. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the first two years of the programme.
methodsWe used a test-negative case-control design and enhanced national surveillance data for 1869 vaccine-eligible children tested for rotavirus infection to obtain adjusted odds ratios and VE against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections. Linked anonymised UK primary care and hospitalisation data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (40,723 children) and random-effects Poisson regression were used in a cohort study to estimate VE against all-cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and AGE hospitalisations.
resultsVE against laboratory-confirmed infection was 69% (95% Confidence Interval: 40-84%) for one dose and 77% (95%CI: 66-85%) for two doses. Two-dose VE in children aged <12 months and ≥12 months was 85% (95%CI: 74-91%) and 54% (95%CI: 15-75%), respectively. In contrast, we found no evidence that the vaccine was effective against all-cause AGE (VE = -20%, 95%CI: -36% to -5%), or against AGE hospitalisations (VE = 35%, 95% CI: -86% to 77%).
conclusionsIn this first detailed assessment of VE of the Rotarix® vaccine in the English national programme, we show that Rotarix® was highly effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection in young children. This provides reassurance about the vaccine's performance in real-life settings and gives key information for future cost-effectiveness analyses. The high VE against rotavirus-specific AGE, and the exceptionally successful implementation of the national rotavirus vaccine programme (with >90% vaccine coverage), explains the lack of VE against all-cause AGE because most AGE in the post-vaccine era would not have been due to rotavirus, although some underestimation of VE could also have occurred due to differential healthcare utilisation by vaccinated and unvaccinated infants. This highlights the importance of using specific vaccine-preventable endpoints for these scenarios.
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