SynthesisWorld journal of surgical oncology2019
Should internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy be performed in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in World journal of surgical oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Clinical-radiomics model for predicting internal mammary lymph node metastasis in operable breast cancer patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- De-escalation of axillary interventions in the management of breast cancer patients following neoadjuvant systemic treatment.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on anatomical imaging and functional imaging.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Review
- Modeling effective tumor burden of primary lesion and metastatic lymph node in breast cancer patients from the SEER database.Gland surgery · 2022Article
- False-negative frozen section of sentinel nodes in early breast cancer (cT1-2N0) patients.World journal of surgical oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeResults from studies of internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy are inconsistent.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Clinical Trials. Studies reporting the rate of internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy (IMN-SLNB) positivity were identified. We performed pooled proportion meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analyses. The correlation of IMN and axillary lymph node (AXN) metastasis was also investigated.
resultsAfter application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles (total number of patients = 2427) were included. The pooled estimate for IMN-SLNB positivity rate was 15% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12-17%). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed. Our results indicate that axillary lymph node metastasis is a strong predictor of IMN involvement (OR 6.01, 95% CI, 3.49, 10.34).
conclusionInternal mammary lymph nodes metastasis might be underestimated. Patients with positive axillary lymph nodes have a higher risk of internal lymph nodes metastasis. As a result, IMN-SLNB might be considered in these patients. Future work needs to be done to assess whether pathological confirmed IMN metastasis can affect patients' survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.