ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2019
Metformin and Sulfonylurea Use and Risk of Incident Dementia.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of diabetes medications on the risk of developing dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Pooled it
- Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and incident dementia: A nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort study.Diabetes & vascular disease researchTrial
- Genetic variation in anti-diabetic drug targets and risk of atrial fibrillation: a drug-target mendelian randomization study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation as predictors of cognitive impairment, depression, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on SGLT2 inhibitors and sulfonylureas.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Association of Metformin with the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Association of SGLT2 inhibition with psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Metformin mitigates dementia risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2024Review
- Incident dementia risk among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin versus alternative oral glucose-lowering therapy: an observational cohort study using UK primary healthcare records.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024 · on this mapObservational
- Dementia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparing metformin with no pharmacological treatment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Review
- Metformin Cessation and Dementia Incidence.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Use of oral diabetes medications and the risk of incident dementia in US veterans aged ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022 · on this mapObservational
- Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Genetic Variation in Targets of Antidiabetic Drugs and Alzheimer Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Neurology · 2022Article
- Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Comparison of rates of dementia among older adult recipients of two, one, or no vaccinations.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare incident dementia risk among patients who initiated treatment with metformin or sulfonylurea in Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) patients with replication in Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPW) patients to determine whether first-choice antidiabetic medications are associated with reduced risk of dementia. PATIENTS AND
methodsCohorts contained 75,187 VHA patients and 10,866 KPW patients, 50 years and older, who initiated monotherapy with metformin or sulfonylurea. Patients were free of dementia diagnoses and any diabetes treatment for 2 years before cohort entry. Variables were extracted from electronic health data from VHA (1999-2015) and KPW (1996-2015), which included diagnosis codes, pharmacy data, laboratory values, and demographic characteristics. Propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weighting controlled for confounding.
resultsVeterans Health Affairs patients were 60.8±6.8 years of age on average, and KPW patients were 63.1±9.5 years of age. In the VHA sample, 72,769 (96.8%) were male; and in the KPW sample, 5480 (50.4%). After adjusting for confounding, metformin initiation was associated with a significantly (P=.02) lower risk of dementia in VHA (hazard ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9-1.0), with a similar point estimate in KPW (hazard ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.1). Metformin was not associated with dementia risk in patients 75 years and older.
conclusionExisting epidemiological studies of metformin and incident dementia have been inconsistent. Using a similar study design in 2 patient populations that differed in clinical and demographic characteristics, our results provide robust evidence that metformin use is associated with a modestly lower risk of incident dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.