ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2019
Typhoidal Salmonella strains in Pakistan: an impending threat of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic resistance in Pakistan: a systematic review of past decade.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Global trends and molecular epidemiology of Azithromycin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Azithromycin Resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi Across South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of plasmid-mediated extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi from Lahore Pakistan carrying IncY IncQ1 and IncC replicons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antibiotic resistance in the Middle East and Southern Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Prevalence ofInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Progress on the Global Research Agenda for Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Health in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Oral Azithromycin in Treating Enteric Fever: A Hospital-Based Study on Pediatric Patients.Cureus · 2024Article
- Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Properties of Capsaicin: Available Data and Future Research Perspectives.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Reporting of Azithromycin Activity against Clinical Isolates of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Capsaicin Potently BlocksAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility level of typhoid fever in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Article
- The Search for Effective Empiric Therapy for Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Disc Diffusion Testing of Azithromycin Against Clinical Isolates of Typhoidal Salmonellae: A Diagnostic Conundrum.Cureus · 2021Article
- Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance in Typhoidal Strains of Salmonella in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.Cureus · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to see the frequency, clinical presentation, and therapeutic response of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and current susceptibility pattern of typhoidal Salmonella strains in our setup. This study was carried out at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Pakistan Navy Ship (PNS) Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from January 1 to December 31, 2018. All the blood culture samples of patients (indoor and outdoor) with suspicion of enteric fever were processed. Isolates were cultured and identified using standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial sensitivity against the typhoidal Salmonellae was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) and all the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were confirmed by Vitek 2 system. Clinical presentation and response to treatment of patients were followed. A total of 292 typhoidal Salmonella isolates were cultured. Resistance to ciprofloxacin against both Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A was found to be very high (91%). Percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates in Salmonella Typhi was 76% (182 isolates) and in Salmonella Paratyphi it was 34% (18 isolates). XDR isolates in Salmonella Typhi were significant that is 48% (115 isolates). Only 10 cases were given azithromycin who responded to treatment in mean 4.3 days. Out of 115 cases of XDR Salmonella Typhi, 103 patients were given parenteral meropenem and clinical response was seen in mean 5 days. The emergence and rapid spread of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi is alarming and highlights the significance of strict antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance programs with antimicrobial stewardship.
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