ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2019
Influence of fall environment and fall direction on risk of injury among pre-frail and frail adults.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward An Improved Reporting of Fall Circumstances Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Reporting Guide for the 6 W's of Falls.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2026Review
- A High Fall Risk Patient Perspective-Reducing Safety Challenges in an Acute Care Hospital.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and hip protectors in osteosarcopenia: a combined hip fracture preventing approach.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Article
- Fall Direction Detection in Motion State Based on the FMCW Radar.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Test-retest reliability of the FALL FIT system for assessing and training protective arm reactions in response to a forward fall.MethodsX · 2022Article
- Screening tool for identification of hip fractures in the prehospital setting.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2021Article
- The Role of Fall Biomechanics in the Cause and Prevention of Bone Fractures in Older Adults.Current osteoporosis reports · 2021Review
- Early Interventions to Improve Functional Movements and Increase Muscular Fitness in Older Adults with Osteoporosis.Gerontology & geriatric medicineArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this prospective study, half of all falls resulted in injury. Pre-frail adults sustained more injuries, while more frail adults had injuries requiring hospitalization or fractures. Pre-frail adults fell more often when in movement compared with frail adults who fell more often when standing and in indoor public spaces. PURPOSE: To assess prospectively how fall environment and direction are related to injury among pre-frail and frail adults.
methodsWe included 200 community-dwelling adults with a prior fall (pre-frail, mean age 77 years) and 173 adults with acute hip fracture (frail, mean age 84 years; 77% community-dwelling). Falls were prospectively recorded using standardized protocols in monthly intervals, including date, time, fall direction and environment, and injury. We used logistic regression to assess the odds of injury adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and gender.
resultsWe recorded 513 falls and 331 fall-related injuries (64.5%) among the 373 participants. While the fall rate was similar between groups, pre-frail adults had more injuries (71% among pre-frail vs. 56% among frail, p = 0.0004) but a lower incidence of major injuries (9% among pre-frail vs. 27% among frail, p = 0.003). Pre-frail adults fell more often while in movement (84% among pre-frail vs. 55% among frail, p < 0.0001), and frail adults fell more often while standing (26% vs. 15% respectively, p = 0.01). The odds of injury among frail adults was increased 3.3-fold when falling sideways (OR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.68-6.45) and 2.4-fold when falling in an indoor public space (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.00-5.53), and was reduced when falling at home (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31-0.98). The odds of injury among pre-frail adults was not influenced by environment and was 53% lower when falling backwards (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26-0.82).
conclusionWhile pre-frail adults sustain more fall-related injuries, frail adults were more likely to sustain major injuries, especially when falling sideways or outside their home.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.