ArticleNutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD2019
High plasma glutamate and low glutamine-to-glutamate ratio are associated with type 2 diabetes: Case-cohort study within the PREDIMED trial.
Article in Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial.Amino acids · 2021Trial
- The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Microbial single-cell transcriptomics links gut microbiota functional states to metabolic changes in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deep single-cell decoding of human pancreatic islets reveals T2D β-cell gene expression defects.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Towards Metabolomics-Guided Healthy and Anti-Aging Nutrition.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced metabolic remodeling in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from metabolomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- BiombalanceAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated Genomic-Metabolomic Analysis for Tri-Categorical Classification of Type 2 Diabetes Status in the Korean Ansan-Ansung Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Cohort Study of Metabolomic Markers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Korean Adults.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Emerging Insights into the Relationship Between Amino Acid Metabolism and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Metabolomics in cardiometabolic diseases: Key biomarkers and therapeutic implications for insulin resistance and diabetes.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Plasma Lipid Metabolites, Clinical Glycemic Predictors, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Single-cell decoding of human islet cell type-specific alterations in type 2 diabetes reveals converging genetic- and state-drivenbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer risk biomarkers from large cohort and prospective metabolomics studies: A systematic review.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Metabolomics uncovers the diabetes metabolic network: from pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical applications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Study on the Mechanism of the Leaves ofCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Cardiac Urea Cycle Activation by Time-Restricted Feeding Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Adipose glutaminolysis resurfaces in metabolic disease.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsGlutamate, glutamine are involved in energy metabolism, and have been related to cardiometabolic disorders. However, their roles in the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Mediterranean diet on associations between glutamine, glutamate, glutamine-to-glutamate ratio, and risk of new-onset T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND
resultsThe present study was built within the PREDIMED trial using a case-cohort design including 892 participants with 251 incident T2D cases and 641 non-cases. Participants (mean age 66.3 years; female 62.8%) were non diabetic and at high risk for CVD at baseline. Plasma levels of glutamine and glutamate were measured at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. Higher glutamate levels at baseline were associated with increased risk of T2D with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.78 (95% CI, 1.43-5.41, P for trend = 0.0002). In contrast, baseline levels of glutamine (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.36-1.12; P for trend = 0.04) and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio (HR: 0.31, 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P for trend = 0.0001) were inversely associated with T2D risk when comparing extreme quartiles. The two Mediterranean diets (MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + mixed nuts) did not alter levels of glutamine and glutamate after intervention for 1 year. However, MedDiet mitigated the positive association between higher baseline plasma glutamate and T2D risk (P for interaction = 0.01).
conclusionHigher levels of glutamate and lower levels of glutamine were associated with increased risk of T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for CVD. Mediterranean diet might mitigate the association between the imbalance of glutamine and glutamate and T2D risk. This trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN35739639.
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