ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2019
Changes in Fast Food Outlet Availability Near Schools: Unequal Patterns by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Urbanicity.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Food Environment and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- "Competitive" food and beverage policies and weight status: A systematic review of the evidence among sociodemographic subgroups.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2024Pooled it
- Food environment near schools and body weight-A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio-economic factors.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Pooled it
- Association between the geospatial school food environment and nutritional outcomes among school children: a systematic review.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Area-level socioeconomic status and children's body weight: examining the role of unhealthy food environments.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Living next door to McDonald's: a qualitative study of community submissions and resident realities pre- and post development.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Fast-food and convenience outlets near schools in California: a comparison of private and public schools.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Changes in the food environment surrounding schools in four New Jersey school districts between school years 2012-13 and 2019-20.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Young people's views and experience of diet-related inequalities in England (UK): a qualitative study.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Designing and Evaluating a Hierarchical Framework for Matching Food Outlets across Multi-sourced Geospatial Datasets: a Case Study of San Diego County.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Trends in Quick-Service Restaurants near Public Schools in the United States: Differences by Community, School, and Student Characteristics.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- HOW CLOSE AND HOW MUCH? LINKING HEALTH OUTCOMES TO BUILT ENVIRONMENT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS.The annals of applied statistics · 2023Article
- National trends and disparities in retail food environments in the USA between 1990 and 2014.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- When Students Patronize Fast-Food Restaurants near School: The Effects of Identification with the Student Community, Social Activity Spaces and Social Liability Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Trends in school-neighbourhood inequalities and youth obesity: Repeated cross-sectional analyses of the public schools in the state of California.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Ecological study of the association between socioeconomic inequality and food deserts and swamps around schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity: The role of school segregation.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- [Food environment and excess weight in schoolchildren: a South American systematic reviewAmbiente alimentario y exceso de peso en la población escolar: revisión sistemática en América del Sur].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Article
- School nutrition laws in the US: do they influence obesity among youth in a racially/ethnically diverse state?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPrevious research has observed income or racial/ethnic inequalities in fast food restaurant availability near schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in fast food restaurant availability near schools between 2000 and 2010 by school neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity.
methodsUsing data from 7,466 California public schools, negative binomial regression models estimated the relative ratios to evaluate the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability, examine differences in the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability between 2000 and 2010, and investigate if fast food restaurant availability changed in 2010 versus 2000, stratified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. The analyses were conducted in 2018 and early 2019.
resultsIn urban areas, there was a negative school neighborhood income gradient in fast food restaurant availability in both 2000 and 2010, and across all race/ethnic groups, except majority African American schools. The income gradient in fast food restaurant availability was steeper in 2010 relative to 2000 among Latino majority urban schools. Fast food restaurant availability increased in 2010 relative to 2000 among majority African American, majority Latino, and majority Asian schools in the least affluent neighborhoods. Among majority white schools in similar neighborhoods the availability of fast food restaurants did not change but declined in the most affluent school neighborhoods. In nonurban areas, the income patterns in fast food restaurant availability were less clear, and fast food restaurant availability increased among majority white and Latino schools within the middle neighborhood income tertile.
conclusionsThese findings suggest the need for future interventions to target schools in low-income urban neighborhoods. Additionally, reducing child health disparities and improving health for all children requires monitoring changes in the food environment near schools.
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