Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31376797›Full record

ArticleAsian journal of psychiatry2019

Impact of community-based rehabilitation for mental illness on 'out of pocket' expenditure in rural South India.

Thanapal Sivakumar, Joseph Wilson James, Chethan Basavarajappa, Rajani Parthasarathy, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, Jagadisha Thirthalli

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Asian journal of psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  11. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Mental Health Programme in India: Has the tide really turned?The Indian journal of medical research · 2023
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Thanapal SivakumarPsychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: drt.sivakumar@yahoo.co.in.
Joseph Wilson JamesDepartment of Psychiatric Social Work, Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Chethan BasavarajappaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Rajani ParthasarathyDeputy Director, Mental Health, Government of Karnataka, India.
Channaveerachari Naveen KumarDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Jagadisha ThirthalliDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Funding

Psychiatric research infrastructure for intervention and implementation in India – TEAMSD43TW009114 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Smita N Deshpande, Mary Elizabeth Hawk · 2014 to 2026
$3.2M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW009114
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In India, expenditure incurred to access mental health services often drives families to economic crisis. Families of Persons with mental illness (PMI) incur 'out-of-pocket' (OOP) expenditure for medicines, psychiatrist fee and travel in addition to losing wages on the day of visiting psychiatrist.

aimTo describe impact of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) on OOP expenditure incurred by families of persons with severe mental illness (PSMI).

methodsThe sample comprised 95 PSMI who switched from treatment from other mental health facilities to CBR at Jagaluru, India.

resultsThe PSMI were predominantly male (52%) with mean age 41 years and diagnosed with psychosis (75%). Most of them (84%) were earlier taking treatment from private sector and spent on an average Rs. 15,074 (US $ 215) per PSMI per annum in availing treatment. After availing CBR, the annual expenditure reduced to Rs 492 (US $ 7) on an average per PSMI. OOP expenditure on medicines (largest head of expenditure) and psychiatrist consultation fee dropped to zero. DISCUSSION: After excluding costs incurred to run the CBR, the net savings for the system for 95 PSMI included in study alone was Rs 3,83,755 (US $ 5,482) per annum. The amount would be much higher on including savings for PSMI initiated on treatment for the first time and PMI on regular follow-up in CBR.

conclusionsProvision of CBR in partnership with public health system and NGO's leads to dramatic fall in OOP health expenditure of families of PSMI. It is also cost-effective to the system.

Indexed as

AdultCommunity Mental Health ServicesFemaleHealth ExpendituresHumansIndiaMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedPsychiatric RehabilitationPsychotic DisordersRural PopulationCommunity based rehabilitationMental illnessOut-of-pocket expenditurePublic health

Identifiers

PMID31376797
PMCPMC10290772

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.