ArticleEnvironment international2019
Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the U.S. general population: Paired serum-urine data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: a scope review of the literature from 1980-2021.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Exposure to Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Evidence from Blood-Follicle Transfer and Mixture Risk Assessment in Reproductive-Aged Women.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Size-Resolved PMToxics · 2026Article
- Vapor-Phase Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Acids using Amplifying Fluorescent Polymers.Small methods · 2026Article
- A Review on Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Selected Short-Chain Analogs-Perfluorohexanoic Acid and Perfluorobutanoic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) concentrations and associations with mammographic density in postmenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Joint Associations of Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metal Mixtures with Adiposity in Childhood and Adolescence.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and fetal growth measurements in utero and at birth in the LIFECODES cohort: 2006-2019.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid and glioblastoma: insights from Mendelian randomization, network toxicology, and molecular docking.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Urine-to-Blood Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Biomonitoring: Implications for Environmental Exposure Analysis and Bioaccumulation Assessment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Predifferentiation Neurotoxicity of GenX Exposure on hiPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and repeated measures of bioactive lipids during pregnancy in the LIFECODES cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- PFAS Alter Thyroid Histology and Cellular SignalingJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- An overview of the impact of PFAS on animals, humans, and the environment using a One Health approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Associations Between Seafood Consumption and Serum PFAS Levels Among Asian/Pacific Islanders in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.Exposure and health · 2026Article
- Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induces lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and reduced neurogenesis in primary human neuronal progenitor cells.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Mediating role of proteomics in the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and blood pressure in youth.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Concerns are heightened from detecting environmentally persistent man-made per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water systems around the world. Many PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), remain in the human body for years. Since 1999-2000, assessment of exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and other select PFAS in the U.S. general population has relied on measuring PFAS serum concentrations in participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Manufacturers have replaced select chemistries ("legacy" PFAS) with PFAS with shorter biological half-lives (e.g., GenX, perfluorobutanoate [PFBA]) which may efficiently eliminate in urine. However, knowledge regarding exposure to these compounds is limited. We analyzed 2682 urine samples for 17 legacy and alternative PFAS in 2013-2014 NHANES participants ≥6 years of age. Concentrations of some of these PFAS, measured previously in paired serum samples from the same NHANES participants, suggested universal exposure to PFOS and PFOA, and infrequent or no exposure to two short-chain PFAS, perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluoroheptanoate. Yet, in urine, PFAS were seldom detected; the frequency of not having detectable concentrations of any of the 17 PFAS was 67.5%. Only two were detected in >1.5% of the population: PFBA (13.3%) and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA, 22.6%); the 90th percentile urine concentrations were 0.1 μg/L (PFBA), and 0.3 μg/L (PFHxA). These results suggest that exposures to short-chain PFAS are infrequent or at levels below those that would result in detectable concentrations in urine. As such, these findings do not support biomonitoring of short-chain PFAS or fluorinated alternatives in the general population using urine, and highlight the importance of selecting the adequate biomonitoring matrix.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.