ArticleExperimental brain research2019
Embodying their own wheelchair modifies extrapersonal space perception in people with spinal cord injury.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Impact of an upper limb motion-driven virtual rehabilitation system on residual motor function in patients with complete spinal cord injury： a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- How pain and body representations transform each other: A narrative review.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Review
- Pain and the perception of space in fibromyalgia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multisensory conflict affects body schema and reaching space.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Embodiment for Robotic Lower-Limb Exoskeletons: A Narrative Review.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2023Article
- What the study of spinal cord injured patients can tell us about the significance of the body in cognition.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Review
- Are tools truly incorporated as an extension of the body representation?: Assessing the evidence for tool embodiment.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Review
- Peripersonal Space from a multisensory perspective: the distinct effect of the visual and tactile components of Visuo-Tactile stimuli.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Development of a New Negative Obstacle Sensor for Augmented Electric Wheelchair.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs' Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Go Virtual to Get Real: Virtual Reality as a Resource for Spinal Cord Treatment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Bodily Illusions and Motor Imagery in Fibromyalgia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Proprioceptive drift is affected by the intermanual distance rather than the distance from the body's midline in the rubber hand illusion.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2020Article
- Visuo-motor and interoceptive influences on peripersonal space representation following spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the many links between body representation, acting and perceiving the environment, no research has to date explored whether specific tool embodiment in conditions of sensorimotor deprivation influences extrapersonal space perception. We tested 20 spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals to investigate whether specific wheelchair embodiment interacts with extrapersonal space representation. As a measure of wheelchair embodiment, we used a Body View Enhancement Task in which participants (either sitting in their own wheelchair or in one which they had never used before) were asked to respond promptly to flashing lights presented on their above- and below-lesion body parts. Similar or slower reaction times (RT) to stimuli on the body and wheelchair indicate, respectively, the presence or absence of tool embodiment. The RTs showed that the participants embodied their own wheelchair but not the other one. Moreover, they coded their deprived lower limbs as external objects and, when not in their own wheelchair, also showed disownership of their intact upper limbs. To measure extrapersonal space perception, we used a novel, ad hoc designed paradigm in which the participants were asked to observe a 3D scenario by means of immersive virtual reality and estimate the distance of a flag positioned on a ramp. In healthy subjects, errors in estimation increased as the distance increased, suggesting that they mentally represent the physical distance. The same occurred with the SCI participants, but only when they were in their own wheelchair. The results demonstrate for the first time that tool embodiment modifies extrapersonal space estimations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.