ArticleOncogene2019
Tumor-treating fields induce autophagy by blocking the Akt2/miR29b axis in glioblastoma cells.
Article in Oncogene, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07383649 (Initial Safety Lead-in Followed by a Phase II Trial to Study Anti- HCMV Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Progressive Intracranial Metastases and CMV Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Initial Safety Lead-in Followed by a Phase II Trial to Study Anti- HCMV Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Progressive Intracranial Metastases and CMV Infection (The Breast CMV Study)
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Ratios as Novel Biomarkers in Brain Glioma: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Exploratory analysis of miRNAs-21, -26a, -34a, -181c, -181d, and -485-5p as potential biomarkers for tumor treating fields sensitivity in primary glioblastoma cell cultures.Brain tumor pathology · 2026Article
- Selective antitumor activity of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) involving molecular factors in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- The therapeutic efficacy and application prospects of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) in resolving malignant tumors of central nervous system.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- The Evidence That Brain Cancers Could Be Effectively Treated with In-Home Radiofrequency Waves.Cancers · 2025Article
- Advancement in tumor treating fields of mechanism, clinical applications, and future directions.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy in Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma: Overview of Efficacy, Safety, and Future Outlook.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Exosome-shuttled miR-5121 from A2 astrocytes promotes BSCB repair after traumatic SCI by activating autophagy in vascular endothelial cells.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Tumor-treating fields in cancer therapy: advances of cellular and molecular mechanisms.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Evaluation of microcurrent as an adjunct to donepezil therapy in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: a pilot study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Alternating electric fields transform the intricate network of tumour vasculature into orderly parallel capillaries and enhance the anti-angiogenesis effect of bevacizumab.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Advancements and challenges in brain cancer therapeutics.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Impact of dcEF on microRNA profiles in glioblastoma and exosomes using a novel microfluidic bioreactor.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Article
- Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in human glioblastoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Article
- Identification and validation of COL6A1 as a novel target for tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Tumor treating fields for newly diagnosed high-grade glioma based on the criteria of 2021 WHO CNS5: A retrospective analysis of Chinese patients in a single center.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Microcurrent Therapy Mitigates Neuronal Damage and Cognitive Decline in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-treating fields (TTFs) - a type of electromagnetic field-based therapy using low-intensity electrical fields - has recently been characterized as a potential anticancer therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Our results show that the activation of autophagy contributes to the TTF-induced anti-GBM activity in vitro or in vivo and GBM patient stem cells or primary in vivo culture systems. TTF-treatment upregulated several autophagy-related genes (~2-fold) and induced cytomorphological changes. TTF-induced autophagy in GBM was associated with decreased Akt2 expression, not Akt1 or Akt3, via the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. An Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array analysis revealed that TTFs altered the expression of many microRNAs (miRNAs). TTF-induced autophagy upregulated miR-29b, which subsequently suppressed the Akt signaling pathway. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that TTFs induced miR-29b to target Akt2, negatively affecting Akt2 expression thereby triggering autophagy. TTF-induced autophagy suppressed tumor growth in GBM mouse models subjected to TTFs as determined by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). GBM patient stem cells and a primary in vivo culture system with high Akt2 levels also showed TTF-induced inhibition. Taken together, our results identified autophagy as a critical cell death pathway triggered by TTFs in GBM and indicate that TTF is a potential treatment option for GBM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.