Trial reportBMJ open2019
A Study Investigating Markers in PLeural Effusion (SIMPLE): a prospective and double-blind diagnostic study.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted detection of amino acid profiles in pleural fluid and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for estimating the risks of four aetiologies of pleural effusion: a proof-of-concept study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Combined carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 50, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin distinguish benign and malignant pleural effusions: a Bayesian analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Accuracy of seven criteria based on cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase for differentiating exudative and transudative pleural effusions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of pleural fluid carbohydrate antigen 242 for malignant pleural effusion.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Effects of light's criteria on the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations for malignant pleural effusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pleural fluid C-C class chemokines 22 and pleural effusion due to heart failure: a prospective and double-blind diagnostic accuracy test.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Exosomal miR-182-5p is a potential diagnostic marker for malignant pleural effusion.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tumor Markers in Pleural Fluid: A Comprehensive Study on Diagnostic Accuracy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen for malignant pleural effusion: aFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Utility of Pleural C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin for Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion: A Head-to-Head Comparison Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Pleural pro-gastrin releasing peptide is a potential diagnostic marker for malignant pleural effusion induced by small-cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Pleural carbohydrate antigen 50 and malignant pleural effusion: a prospective, double-blind diagnostic accuracy test.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Pleural fluid soluble Fas ligand and tuberculous pleural effusion: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Long-term stability of pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and its effect on the diagnostic accuracy for malignant pleural effusion.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Age affects the diagnostic accuracy of the cancer ratio for malignant pleural effusion.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Pleural homocysteine for malignant pleural effusion: A prospective and double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study.Thoracic cancer · 2022Article
- Pleural biomarkers in diagnostics of malignant pleural effusion: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Review
- Value of human epididymis secretory protein 4 in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSerum and fluid laboratory markers are valuable for exploring the aetiologies of pleural effusion (PE) because of their relative non-invasiveness, low cost, objective result and short turnaround time. The diagnostic accuracy of these potential markers needs to be rigorously evaluated before their widespread application in clinical practice. Here, we plan to perform a Study Investigating Markers in PLeural Effusion (SIMPLE). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective and double-blind clinical trial which is being performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, China. Adult patients admitted for the evaluation of aetiology of PE from September 2018 to July 2021 will be enrolled after informed consent. Pleural fluid and serum specimens will be collected and stored at -80°C for the laboratory analysis. The final diagnosis will be concurred with further imaging, microbiology, cytology and biopsy if needed. The results of investigated laboratory markers will be unknown to the clinicians who will make diagnosis and the clinical diagnoses will be unknown to the laboratory technicians who will determine markers. The diagnostic accuracy of investigated markers will be assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, multivariable logistic regression model, decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discriminatory index (IDI). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Ethic Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (NO: 2018011). The results of SIMPLE will be submitted to international scientific peer-reviewed journals or conferences in laboratory medicine or respiratory medicine, thoracic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800017449); Pre-results.
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