ArticleImmunity2019
Class-Switch Recombination Occurs Infrequently in Germinal Centers.
Article in Immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 317 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
317 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenetic regulation of humoral immunity: molecular mechanisms, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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- Viral subversion of B-cell tolerance: mechanisms linking infection to autoimmunity.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- B cell-intrinsic Ssu72 phosphatase is a key regulator of allergic asthma.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SorLA regulates B cell receptor uptake, trafficking, and B cell-mediated immune responses in vivo.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in cancer immunology.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Artery tertiary lymphoid organs encode a pathogenic high-affinity autoantibody-autoantigen pair in atherosclerosis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Plasma Cell Selection and Migration in the Establishment of Long-Lived Antibody Responses.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- The Developmental and Functional Implications of Age-Associated B Cells (ABCs) Across Tissue Microenvironments.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Distributed clonal deletion prevents autoimmune disease progression.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Germinal center-independent memory B cells provide rapid protection from lethal influenza challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A temporal map of B cell diversification mechanisms in mice.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Regulatory factor X 7 limits Myc activity during B cell activation and suppresses Myc-dependent lymphomagenesis.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The spectrum of immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer hijacking in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Leukemia · 2026Article
257 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Class-switch recombination (CSR) is a DNA recombination process that replaces the immunoglobulin (Ig) constant region for the isotype that can best protect against the pathogen. Dysregulation of CSR can cause self-reactive BCRs and B cell lymphomas; understanding the timing and location of CSR is therefore important. Although CSR commences upon T cell priming, it is generally considered a hallmark of germinal centers (GCs). Here, we have used multiple approaches to show that CSR is triggered prior to differentiation into GC B cells or plasmablasts and is greatly diminished in GCs. Despite finding a small percentage of GC B cells expressing germline transcripts, phylogenetic trees of GC BCRs from secondary lymphoid organs revealed that the vast majority of CSR events occurred prior to the onset of somatic hypermutation. As such, we have demonstrated the existence of IgM-dominated GCs, which are unlikely to occur under the assumption of ongoing switching.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.