Same but different: aquatic prey capture in paedomorphic and metamorphic Alpine newts.

Paedomorphosis describes the retention of larval characters in adult stages and is widespread amongst salamanders. Salamandrid newts exhibit facultative paedomorphosis, where paedomorphic and metamorphic adult forms coexist in the same population. Previous studies have shown that prey capture kinematics do not differ between paedomorphic and metamorphosed ambystomatid salamanders, despite diverging morphology and prey capture performance. It remained unclear, however, whether the stereotypy of prey capture kinematics across morphotypes is restricted to ambystomatids, or can be found in other salamander groups too. Here, we performed biplanar high-speed-recordings of the prey capture behavior in paedomorphic and metamorphic salamandrid newts and only found minor kinematic differences across morphotypes, suggesting that stereotypy across morphotypes is a more general feature within salamanders. We then compared anatomy of skull and hyobranchial skeleton, along with the physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) of the rectus cervicis muscle, the main muscle empowering suction feeding. Besides the overall morphological differences of the feeding apparatus, the PCSA of the rectus cervicis also differs significantly between morphotypes, being twice as large in paedomorphs. Accordingly, paedomorphs can exert more powerful suction strikes, which in turn may be one of the key factors why paedomorphs are more efficient in capturing elusive prey compared to metamorphs.