ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2019
Influence of bacterial burden on meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface disease.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Oculofacial Plastic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.Ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Treatment of blepharitis in adults: persistent evidence gaps despite widespread use.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Meibomian Gland Loss Between Pediatric Patients with Blepharo-Keratoconjunctivitis and Age-Matched Controls Using Non-Contact Meibography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap: A new perspective on lid wiper epitheliopathy and meibomian gland inversion.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of the Conjunctival Sac Microbiome in Patients With Evaporative Dry Eye and Mixed Dry Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Distinct Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratoconus Patients Correlate With Local Immune Dysregulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ductal Hyperkeratinization and Acinar Renewal Abnormality: New Concepts on Pathogenesis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Potential impact of ocular intense pulsed light on eyelash microbiome in severe meibomian gland dysfunction: report of 2 cases.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Effects of lid debris debridement combined with meibomian gland expression on the ocular surface MMP-9 levels and clinical outcomes in moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Safety and Tolerability of an Eye Drop Based on 0.6% Povidone-Iodine Nanoemulsion in Dry Eye Patients.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBacterial burden on the eyelid margin and within meibomian glands was evaluated for influence on specific ocular surface disease (OSD) markers across the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) spectrum.
methodsIn this prospective, observational, single-center study, 40 patients were divided into 4 equal groups of 10 that encompassed increasingly worse MGD/OSD categories. All patients answered the standard Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and underwent tear osmolarity testing (TOT), Schirmer 1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) testing, meibography, and lissamine green staining. Cultures of eyelid margins and meibomian gland secretions were directly plated on blood, chocolate, and Sabouraud agar; smears were sent for gram and
resultsMean patient age was 55.25±17.22 years; there were 10 males and 30 females. TOT and MMP-9 testing were similar across groups. Culture positivity was 62.5% for right eyes, 70% for left eyes, and was not statistically different across groups (for both eyelid margin and meibomian glands). The majority of cultures were positive for coagulase-negative
conclusionThis study is in concordance with others, citing the predominance of CNS within the biofilm of both "normal" and clinically significant MGD/OSD patients. Our study exemplifies that symptoms of OSD do not necessarily correlate with degree of clinical exam findings, nor culture positivity. These results argue that bacterial burden should be reconsidered as a direct risk factor and treatment target for MGD/OSD patients.
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