SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2019
Genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in individuals with normal calcium levels: mendelian randomisation study.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association of Serum Phosphate, Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase With Risk of Incident Fractures in Healthy Older Adults.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Genetically Determined Serum Calcium Levels and Markers of Ventricular Repolarization: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2021Trial
- Association of physical activity with fracture: a prospective cohort study of 387,307 Chinese participants.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Associations of ultra-processed food intake with bone mineral density and fractures in the UK Biobank.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Serum Calcium Concentration Is Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Synonymous Variants in theMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mapping fatigue: discovering brain regions and genes linked to fatigue susceptibility.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Causal inference in health and disease: a review of the principles and applications of Mendelian randomization.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Review
- A diagnostic approach integrated multimodal radiomics with machine learning models based on lumbar spine CT and X-ray for osteoporosis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2023Article
- Age-specific effects of weight-based body size on fracture risk in later life: a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation study.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Causal association of genetically determined circulating vitamin D metabolites and calcium with multiple sclerosis in participants of European descent.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Adherence to a healthy sleep pattern is associated with lower risks of incident falls and fractures during aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal association of bone mineral density and fracture with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Low Serum Calcium Concentration in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Accompanied by the Enhanced Peripheral Cellular Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to longevity, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.NPJ genomic medicine · 2021Article
- The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Gut Microbiome: a New Frontier in Musculoskeletal Research.Current osteoporosis reports · 2021Review
- Urine and Serum Electrolytes and Biochemical Values Associated with Osteoporosis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study Using Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications.Bone research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if genetically increased serum calcium levels are associated with improved bone mineral density and a reduction in osteoporotic fractures.
designMendelian randomisation study.
settingCohorts used included: the UK Biobank cohort, providing genotypic and estimated bone mineral density data; 25 cohorts from UK, USA, Europe, and China, providing genotypic and fracture data; and 17 cohorts from Europe, providing genotypic and serum calcium data (summary level statistics).
participantsA genome-wide association meta-analysis of serum calcium levels in up to 61 079 individuals was used to identify genetic determinants of serum calcium levels. The UK Biobank study was used to assess the association of genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium with estimated bone mineral density derived from heel ultrasound in 426 824 individuals who had, on average, calcium levels in the normal range. A fracture genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 24 cohorts and the UK Biobank including a total of 76 549 cases and 470 164 controls, who, on average, also had calcium levels in the normal range was then performed.
resultsA standard deviation increase in genetically derived serum calcium (0.13 mmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL) was not associated with increased estimated bone mineral density (0.003 g/cm
conclusionsGenetic predisposition to increased serum calcium levels in individuals with normal calcium levels is not associated with an increase in estimated bone mineral density and does not provide clinically relevant protection against fracture. Whether such predisposition mimics the effect of short term calcium supplementation is not known. Given that the same genetically derived increase in serum calcium is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, widespread calcium supplementation in the general population could provide more risk than benefit.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.