SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2019
Corneal biomechanical properties after SMILE versus FLEX, LASIK, LASEK, or PRK: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal stability comparison between prophylactic cross-linking with laser refractive surgery technique versus laser refractive surgery technique alone for myopia: a meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of small-incision lenticule extraction surgery in high astigmatism: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- A Comparative and Prospective Study of Corneal Consumption and Corneal Biomechanics After SMILE and FS-LASIK Performed on the Contralateral Eyes With High Myopic Astigmatism.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Comparison of the visual and optical outcomes after different corneal refractive surgeries for asymmetric corneal astigmatism.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction (KLEx) for High Myopia with the CLEAR Platform.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Incremental contribution of Corvis ST dynamic biomechanical parameters to interpretable machine learning prediction of clinician-selected refractive procedures: a retrospective observational study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Comparison of Preoperative Refractive Status and Postoperative Outcomes Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Flap Thickness on Refractive Outcomes and Corneal Biomechanics Following Myopic Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of corneal biomechanics after SMILE versus LASEK in moderate to high myopia with relatively thin corneas: a retrospective comparative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism and Visual Quality Following Bilateral Sequential SMILE and LASEK: A Six-Year Comparative Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Postoperative Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations, Asphericity, Densitometry, and Optical Quality Between SMILE Pro and LASIK: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparative clinical outcomes of SMILE, femtosecond LASIK, and transepithelial PRK: a multicenter Iraqi study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Beyond 20/20: How Laser Eye Surgery Boosts Quality of Life (SMILE vs. FS-LASIK).Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction on the Biomechanical Properties of the Cornea: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Time-dependent changes in corneal biomechanics after small incision lenticule extraction: an in vivo study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- TransPRK in the treatment of low to moderate and high myopia: a comparative study of the clinical outcomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Rate and Causes of Non-candidacy After Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) Screening.Cureus · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Photorefractive Keratectomy vs. Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy for Refractive Errors and Aberrations Post-Penetrating Keratoplasty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Effect of Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the postoperative corneal biomechanical properties between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and other corneal refractive surgeries.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Articles from January 2005, to April 2019, were identified searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Studies that compared SMILE with other corneal refractive surgeries on adult myopia patients and evaluated corneal biomechanics were included. Multiple effect sizes in each study were combined. Random-effects model was conducted in the meta-analysis.
resultsTwenty-two studies were included: 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 9 prospective and 6 retrospective cohort studies, and 2 cross-sectional studies. Using the combined effect of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF), which were obtained from ocular response analyzer (ORA), the pooled Hedges' g of SMILE versus femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.81; p = 0.049; I
conclusionsIn terms of preserving corneal biomechanical strength after surgeries, SMILE was superior to either FS-LASIK or LASIK, while comparable to FLEX or PRK/LASEK group based on the results from ORA. More studies are needed to apply CST on evaluating corneal biomechanics after refractive surgeries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.