ReviewPharmaceutics2019
Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04588948 (A Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Vitrectomized and Non-vitrectomized Eyes With Diabetic Macular Edema), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Vitrectomized and Non-vitrectomized Eyes With Diabetic Macular Edema
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Proteomics-Based Approaches to Studying Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Comparative study on the efficacy of Conbercept and Aflibercept in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Comment on: 'Pharmacological principles of intravitreal drug therapy and their implications for clinical practice: a primer for the ophthalmologist'.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Molecular Determinants of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Durability: Drug Architecture, Intraocular Pharmacokinetics, Target Biology and Treatment Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Understanding anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications: chemical properties, costs, and side effects.Journal of medicine and life · 2026Review
- Timing of anti-VEGF therapy and postoperative macular edema after cataract surgery in eyes with retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Evaluation of a New Approach in AMD: Effects of the Combination of Resveratrol and Anti-VEGFs on ARPE-19 Cells.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Eye Drop Development of Anti-VEGF Therapeutics by Ocular Penetrating Carrier to the Posterior Region of the Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Short-term intraocular pressure changes following intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg versus 2 mg in diabetic macular edema: a prospective observational study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Clinical real-world data evaluation: comparison of central macular thickness after anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic macular edema patients treated with or without topical anti-glaucoma agents.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Current role of aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity - A review.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Targeting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress to Slow Neurodegeneration in the Visual System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Real-world efficacy and safety of Brolucizumab injection in vitrectomised eyes (BIVE) - a prospective multicentric study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Real-World Validation of the VIVEX Formula for Vitreous Volume Estimation in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A First Clinical Case Series.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Geometry-Based Intravitreal Pharmacokinetics: A Theoretical Pharmacokinetic Modeling Study Using Triamcinolone Acetonide and Vancomycin as Representative Intravitreal Agents.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Duration of Good Visual Acuity During Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Routine Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Can contact lenses deliver drugs to the back of the eye?Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
- Ocular gene therapy as a sustained drug delivery system: pharmacokinetic and genokinetic perspectives.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Faricimab in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has become the standard treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; however, the knowledge of their pharmacokinetics is limited. A comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic data that were obtained in different studies with intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept has been conducted. Moreover, the factors that can influence the vitreous pharmacokinetics of these drugs, as well as the methods that were used in the studies for analytical determination, have been exposed. These anti-VEGF drugs present different charge and molecular weights, which play an important role in vitreous distribution and elimination. The pharmacokinetic parameters that were collected differ depending on the species that were involved in the studies and on physiological and pathological conditions, such as vitrectomy and lensectomy. Knowledge of the intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the anti-VEGF drugs that were used in clinical practice is of vital importance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.