ArticlePloS one2019
Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases differently influence the morphological maturation of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuronal Actin Remodeling and Its Role in Higher Nervous Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- The Small G-Protein Rac1 in the Dorsomedial Striatum Promotes Alcohol-Dependent Structural Plasticity and Goal-Directed Learning in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Rac-maninoff and Rho-vel: The symphony of Rho-GTPase signaling at excitatory synapses.Small GTPases · 2022Article
- Stress Elicits Contrasting Effects on Rac1-Cofilin Signaling in the Hippocampus and Amygdala.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Roles of palmitoylation in structural long-term synaptic plasticity.Molecular brain · 2021Review
- Sculpting Dendritic Spines during Initiation and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Review
- The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- The Role of Rac GTPase in Dendritic Spine Morphogenesis and Memory.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2020Review
- Stress-Sensitive Protein Rac1 and Its Involvement in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Neural plasticity · 2020Review
- TRP Channels Regulation of Rho GTPases in Brain Context and Diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Review
- Article
- Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Status of Hypoxic/Ischemic Cerebral Palsy Rats by Downregulating NogoA/NgR/Rho Pathway.Cell transplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases are co-expressed in the developing nervous system, where they are involved in different aspects of neuronal development, including the formation of synapses. The deletion of both Rac genes determines a stronger reduction of dendritic spines in vitro compared to the knockout of either gene, indicating that Rac1 and Rac3 play a synergistic role in the formation of these structures. Here, we have addressed the role of each GTPase in the formation of dendritic spines by overexpressing either Rac1 or Rac3 in wildtype neurons, or by re-expressing either GTPase in double knockout hippocampal cultures. We show that the Rac3 protein is expressed with Rac1 in developing hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of either GTPase in WT neurons increases the density of dendritic spines, suggesting the involvement of both GTPases in their formation. We also found that the re-expression of either Rac1 or Rac3 in double knockout neurons is sufficient to restore spinogenesis. Rac1 is significantly more efficient than Rac3 in restoring the formation of spines. On the other hand the quantitative analysis in neurons overexpressing or re-expressing either GTPase shows that Rac3 induces a more pronounced increase in the size of the spines compared to Rac1. These enlarged spines form morphological synapses identified by the juxtaposition of postsynaptic and presynaptic markers. Thus, while Rac1 appears more efficient in inducing the formation of mature spines, Rac3 is more efficient in promoting their enlargement. Our study highlights specific roles of Rac1 and Rac3, which may be functionally relevant also to synaptic plasticity.
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