ArticlePloS one2019
Limited indirect effects of an infant pneumococcal vaccination program in an aging population.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Estimating the Serotype-Specific Association Between the Concentration of Vaccine-Induced Serum Antibodies and Protection Against Pneumococcal Colonization.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A Phase 3 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116 in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Experienced Adults 50 Years of Age or Older (STRIDE-6).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V116, in Japanese healthy adults: A Phase I study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Immunogenicity of a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 18 to 64 years old with medical conditions and other factors that increase risk of pneumococcal disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- A randomized phase 1/2 study of the safety and immunogenicity of a multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy adults 50 through 85 years of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Projected epidemiological impact of lowering the adult pneumococcal vaccination age from 60 to 50 years in Germany.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Risk Factors Associated WithOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Germany: surge in PCV13 serotypes and new challenges, 2017 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Clinical Characteristics ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Impact of Revised Vaccination Recommendations for Mature Infants on Premature Infants' Vaccination Compliance in Germany.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Impact of Increasing Vaccination Coverage Rate and Re-Vaccination on Pneumococcal Disease in Older Adults in Germany.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Serotype 3 pneumococcal pleural empyema: a case report and review of the epidemiology.European clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Incidence of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany, 2014-2019: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Pediatric Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Dosing Schedule Perceptions Among Health Care Providers and Caregivers in Germany, France, Spain, and Greece.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA general recommendation for adult pneumococcal vaccination with 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) for adults 60 and older has been in place in Germany since 1998, but uptake has been low. Just over a decade after the implementation of an infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine recommendation, we examined indirect protection effects on adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Germany. METHODS AND
findingsReported IPD cases decreased in children under two years of age from 11.09 per 100,000 in 2003-2006 to 5.94 per 100,000 in 2017/18, while in adult age groups, reported IPD cases rose across the board, most dramatically in adults 60 years of age and over, from 1.64 to 10.08 cases per 100,000. PCV13-type IPD represents 31% of all cases in this age group, the lion's share of which is due to the rapid increase of serotype 3 IPD, which, by itself, has reached 2.11 reported cases per 100,000 and makes up 21% of all IPD cases in this age group. The two vaccine formulations currently in development (PCV15 and PCV20) would increase current (PCV13) coverage by 8.5% points and 28.0% points in children, while in adults coverage would increase by 10.4% points and 21.9% points, respectively.
conclusionsWhile original models predicted that indirect effects of childhood vaccination would suffice for adults, it seems that the herd protection effect has reached its limit, with vaccine serotypes 4, 19F, and 19A IPD persisting in adults after initial reductions, and serotype 3 IPD not showing any herd protection effect at all.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.