ArticleCornea2019
Comprehensive Clinical, Diagnostic, and Advanced Imaging Characterization of the Ocular Surface in Spontaneous Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Disease in Dogs.
Article in Cornea, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the Cornea of Dogs With Dry Eye Disease Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Limited Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Injections in Immunomodulatory-Dependent Dogs With Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Disease.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Prospective Comparative Study of Topical Tacrolimus and Sirolimus for the Treatment of Pigmentary Keratitis in Pug Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Perioperative decline in quantitative and qualitative tear film parameters in clinically healthy mesocephalicVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Targeting α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor for Modulating the Neuroinflammation of Dry Eye Disease Via Macrophages.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Concerns About a Dog Model of Dry Eye Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2023Review
- How Should Corneal Nerves be Incorporated Into the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye?Current ophthalmology reports · 2021Article
- Dorsolateral medullary infarction registry: a study protocol for a prospective, multicentric registry.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Article
- Topical Application of a Novel Harderian-Derived Nonpolar Lipid Prolongs Tear Film Breakup Time in Normal Beagle Dogs.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and TherapeuticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo perform a comprehensive clinical, diagnostic, and imaging characterization of the ocular surface in West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) diagnosed with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) disease.
methodsSix ADDE-affected and 13 ADDE-unaffected WHWT dogs were enrolled and underwent clinical assessment and disease scoring, tear osmolarity, phenol red thread test, Schirmer tear test, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining, Rose bengal and lissamine green vital dye staining, meibometry, corneal esthesiometry, ultrasound pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, and conjunctival biopsy. Subjective assessment of their condition was provided by owner-reported surveys.
resultsADDE-affected WHWT dogs had higher median clinical disease (conjunctiva: 5.75 vs. 0.00; cornea: 14.00 vs. 5.00; total: 17.50 vs. 5.00), vital staining (Rose bengal: 2.25 vs. 1.50; lissamine green: 2.00 vs. 1.00), and histologic disease (conjunctiva: 2 vs. 0) scores when compared with the controls. In addition, ADDE-affected WHWTs had significantly lower phenol red thread test (5.0 vs. 17.5, mm/15 s), Schirmer tear test (3 vs. 20, mm/min), tear film breakup time (3.6 vs. 13.9, s) values and higher area under the curve values for meibometry (394 vs. 245, meibometry units [MU]). There were no significant differences in other tear film tests performed. Advanced imaging revealed decreased tear meniscus height (optical coherence tomography) and variable pigment deposition within corneal epithelial cells (in vivo confocal microscopy).
conclusionsThis comprehensive assessment of ADDE-affected WHWTs depicts the ocular surface changes associated with quantitative lacrimal gland dysfunction. Importantly, ADDE-affected WHWTs may prove a valuable naturally occurring ADDE model for investigating underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.