ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2019
Evolving HIV epidemics: the urgent need to refocus on populations with risk.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prospects of HIV elimination among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of modeling studies.PLoS computational biology · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving landscape of economic evaluations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation strategies: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Marriage and Steady Relationships with Women in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Global HIV Incidence Analysis and Implications for Affordability Using Long-Acting Cabotegravir Versus Continuous and Event-Driven Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Pooled it
- Optimizing HIV Spending Among Key Populations in Five Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Mathematical Modelling Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of achieving cascade equality in Eswatini: a modeling study on the prevention impacts of antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Behavioral HIV-serosurvey reveals clustering of risk factors likely plays a key role in sustaining HIV epidemic in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Harnessing Big Heterogeneous Data to Evaluate the Potential Impact of HIV Responses Among Key Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for the Boloka Data Repository Initiative.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Increase in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men, vietnam 2015 - 2020.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2024Article
- Association of same-sex criminalisation laws and national HIV policies with HIV testing in African MSM: an ecological single-level and multilevel cross-sectional study of sub-Saharan African countries.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- The AIDS Epidemic Model 2023 for Estimating HIV Trends and Transmission Dynamics in Asian Epidemic Settings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- New HIV Infections Among Key Populations and Their Partners in 2010 and 2022, by World Region: A Multisources Estimation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- A potential transition from a concentrated to a generalized HIV epidemic: the case of Madagascar.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- HIV infection and engagement in the care continuum among migrants and refugees from Venezuela in Colombia: a cross-sectional, biobehavioural survey.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
- Optimizing ancestral trait reconstruction of large HIV Subtype C datasets through multiple-trait subsampling.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- PrEP for key populations: results from the first PrEP demonstration project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.AIDS care · 2022Article
- Assessing inclusion of trans people in HIV national strategic plans: a review of 60 high HIV prevalence countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Review
- Getting resources to those who need them: the evidence we need to budget for underserved populations in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewTo explore the comparative importance of HIV infections among key populations and their intimate partners as HIV epidemics evolve, and to review implications for guiding responses. RECENT
findingsEven as concentrated epidemics evolve, new infections among current and former key population members and their intimate partners dominate new infections. Prevalent infections in the general population grow primarily because of key population turnover and infections among their intimate partners. In generalized epidemic settings, data and analysis on key populations are often inadequate to assess the impact of key population-focused responses, so they remain limited in coverage and under resourced. Models must incorporate downstream infections in comparing impacts of alternative responses. SUMMARY: Recognize that every epidemic is unique, moving beyond the overly simplistic concentrated/generalized epidemic paradigm that can misdirect resources. Guide HIV responses by gathering and using locally relevant data, understanding risk heterogeneity, and applying modeling at both national and sub-national levels to optimize resource allocations among different populations for greatest impact. Translate this improved understanding into clear, unequivocal advice for policymakers on where to focus for impact, breaking them free of the generalized/concentrated paradigm limiting their thinking and affecting their decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.