ReviewCurrent infectious disease reports2019
Contribution of Epithelial Cells to Defense Mechanisms in the Human Vagina.
Review in Current infectious disease reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contribution ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Torque Teno Virus in the vagina: potential influence on health and disease.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Probiotics: A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cervical Cancer.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Interaction of vaginal microbiota and biomarkers in Premature rupture of membranes: from bench to beside.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Simultaneous application of oral and intravaginal probiotics for Helicobacter pylori and its antibiotic-therapy-induced vaginal dysbacteriosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- Molecular stratification of the human fetal vaginal epithelium by spatial transcriptome analysis.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Association between gut microbiota and menstrual disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Interplay betweenMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Lactobacilli and Their Probiotic Effects in the Vagina of Reproductive Age Women.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Medium Is the Message: Defining a "Normal" Vaginal Microbiome in Healthy Reproductive-Age Women.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Female reproductive tract-organ axes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Role of Vaginal Mucosa, Host Immunity and Microbiota in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Comparative measurement of D- and L-lactic acid isomers in vaginal secretions: association with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome: IV. The Role of Vaginal Microbiome in Reproduction and in Gynecologic Cancers.Journal of lower genital tract disease · 2022Article
- Interactions betweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Assessment ofmSphere · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe vaginal milieu in women differs from that of other mammals, including non-human primates, in composition of secretions, the endogenous microbiota, and level of acidity. These changes apparently reflect evolutionary variations that maximized productive responses to a uniquely human vaginal environment. This review will highlight recent findings on properties of human vaginal epithelial cells that contribute to maintenance of a healthy vaginal environment. RECENT
findingsVaginal epithelial cells are responsive to the composition of the vaginal microbiome even in women who are in apparently good health and do not exhibit any adverse physical symptoms. This is especially important during pregnancy when immune defenses are modified and an effective epithelial cell-derived anti-microbial activity is essential to prevent the migration to the uterus of bacteria potentially harmful to pregnancy progression. When Lactobacillus crispatus numerically predominates in the vagina, epithelial cell activity is low. Conversely, predominance of Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, or other non-Lactobacilli evokes production and release of a large variety of compounds to minimize the potentially negative consequences of an altered microbiome. The extent of autophagy in vaginal epithelial cells, a basic process that functions to maintain intracellular homeostasis and engulf microbial invaders, is also sensitive to the external microbial environment Vaginal epithelial cells bind and release norepinephrine and upregulate their anti-microbial activity in response to external stress. Vaginal epithelial cells in women are responsive to local conditions that are unique to humans and, thereby, contribute to maintenance of a healthy milieu.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.