ArticleGigaScience2019
An integrated chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi).
Article in GigaScience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic insights into the persistence of Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) in conflict-affected South Sudan.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Finishing a complete giraffe genome from telomere to telomere with Verkko-Fillet.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Finishing a complete giraffe genome from telomere to telomere with Verkko-Fillet.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effect of primary structural variation on cervid prion protein in flexibility, stability, and spontaneous misfolding propensity.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Article
- Review
- Genetic evidence of population subdivision among Masai giraffes separated by the Gregory Rift Valley in Tanzania.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Chromosome-level assembly of the Rangifer tarandus genome and validation of cervid and bovid evolution insights.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- A Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of the Okapi (Okapia johnstoni).The Journal of heredity · 2022Article
- Article
- Population analysis of retrotransposons in giraffe genomes supports RTE decline and widespread LINE1 activity in Giraffidae.Mobile DNA · 2021Article
- A towering genome: Experimentally validated adaptations to high blood pressure and extreme stature in the giraffe.Science advances · 2021Article
- De novo whole-genome assembly and resequencing resources for the roan (Hippotragus equinus), an iconic African antelope.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- An integrated chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi).GigaScience · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) is the largest-bodied giraffe and the world's tallest terrestrial animal. With its extreme size and height, the giraffe's unique anatomical and physiological adaptations have long been of interest to diverse research fields. Giraffes are also critical to ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa, with their long neck serving as a conduit to food sources not shared by other herbivores. Although the genome of a Masai giraffe has been sequenced, the assembly was highly fragmented and suboptimal for genome analysis. Herein we report an improved giraffe genome assembly to facilitate evolutionary analysis of the giraffe and other ruminant genomes.
findingsUsing SOAPdenovo2 and 170 Gbp of Illumina paired-end and mate-pair reads, we generated a 2.6-Gbp male Masai giraffe genome assembly, with a scaffold N50 of 3 Mbp. The incorporation of 114.6 Gbp of Chicago library sequencing data resulted in a HiRise SOAPdenovo + Chicago assembly with an N50 of 48 Mbp and containing 95% of expected genes according to BUSCO analysis. Using the Reference-Assisted Chromosome Assembly tool, we were able to order and orient scaffolds into 42 predicted chromosome fragments (PCFs). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we placed 153 cattle bacterial artificial chromosomes onto giraffe metaphase spreads to assess and assign the PCFs on 14 giraffe autosomes and the X chromosome resulting in the final assembly with an N50 of 177.94 Mbp. In this assembly, 21,621 protein-coding genes were identified using both de novo and homology-based predictions.
conclusionsWe have produced the first chromosome-scale genome assembly for a Giraffidae species. This assembly provides a valuable resource for the study of artiodactyl evolution and for understanding the molecular basis of the unique adaptive traits of giraffes. In addition, the assembly will provide a powerful resource to assist conservation efforts of Masai giraffe, whose population size has declined by 52% in recent years.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.