ArticleJournal of chiropractic medicine2019
Comparison of Complex Versus Contrast Training on Steroid Hormones and Sports Performance in Male Soccer Players.
Article in Journal of chiropractic medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of plyometrics training on lower limb strength, power, agility, and body composition in athletically trained adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Physical Training Programs on Healthy Athletes' Vertical Jump Height: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Internal Validity in Resistance Training Research: A Systematic Review.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Plyometric Jump Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review With Multilevel Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of plyometric training vs. complex training on the explosive power of lower limbs: A Systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Complex Training on Sprint, Jump, and Change of Direction Ability of Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Complex and Contrast Training on Lower Limb Explosive Power and Eccentric Strength in Elite Male Track and Field Athletes: A 24-Week Randomized Trial.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2026Trial
- Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of 6-week change-of-direction repeated sprint training on explosive power, sprint, and COD performance in U19 basketball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Effects of combined resistance and plyometric training modalities on vertical jump and sprint: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Safety Implications of Off-Label Medication Use in Athletes: A Narrative Review.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- What do we Know about Complex-Contrast Training? A Systematic Scoping Review.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Effect of plyometric versus complex training on core strength, lower limb, and upper limb power in male cricketers: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Effects of Complex Training on Jumping and Change of Direction Performance, and Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Response in Basketball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of Exercise Frequency with Complex Contrast Training on Measures of Physical Fitness in Active Adult Males.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biological, Psychological, and Physical Performance Variations in Football Players during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a complex versus a contrast training regimen with steroid hormones and the performance of soccer players.
methodsThirty-six professional male soccer players were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: complex training (n = 12; body mass index [BMI], 22.95 ± 1.76 kg/m
resultsA 3 × 2 mixed analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in time effect (
conclusionComplex training showed greater improvement in physical performance and free testosterone concentration compared with contrast training, whereas both types of training decreased cortisol concentration in a similar fashion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.