ArticleBMJ open2019
Prevalence and correlates of physical violence and rape among female sex workers in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study with respondent-driven sampling from 11 major towns.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2020Pooled it
- Client-Perpetrated Violence Experience Among Female Sex Worker in Guangdong, South China: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Strengthening interventions to support the sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing of young women involved in sex work amid conflict and distress migration in Ethiopia.Global health action · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual and Physical Violence Against Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide Survey in 2024.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Recent HIV-1 infection and associated factors among newly diagnosed female sex workers in Ethiopia-2019 to 2022.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
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- Unveiling triple vulnerability among Mozambican female sex workers-Stigma, physical violence and sexual violence.PloS one · 2025Article
- Determinants of depressive and alcohol use disorders among female sex workers in Ethiopia: evidence from a national bio-behavioral survey, 2020.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sexual violence and associated factors among female large-scale industry workers in Bahir Dar city administration, Amhara region, Ethiopia.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Violence against housemaids in an Ethiopian town during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Article
- Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Condom failure and pre-exposure prophylaxis use experience among female sex workers in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- A qualitative exploration on accounts of condom-use negotiation with clients: challenges and predicaments related to sex work among street-based female sex workers in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Rape Survivors' Sorrow: Major Depressive Symptoms and Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Adolescent Girls, Southwest Ethiopia.Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics · 2021Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study examined the prevalence and correlates of physical violence and rape among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia.
designA cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling technique.
settingEleven major towns in Ethiopia.
participants4900 FSWs.
main outcome measuresThe prevalence of experiences of physical beating and rape.
resultsAmong FSWs, 17.5% reported physical beating within the last year and 15.2% reported rape since they started selling sex. FSWs aged 35+ years (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.92) were less exposed to physical beating than those aged 15-24 years. FSWs working on the street (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.39), in red-light houses (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.38) and in local drinking houses (AOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.78) experienced more physical beating than FSWs working in bars/hotels. FSWs who consumed alcohol four or more days in a week (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.04), and who chewed khat frequently experienced more physical violence. Rape was associated with having a low monthly income, drinking alcohol four or more days per week (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.7), experience of heavy episodic drinking in a month (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.38) and chewing khat 3-4 days per week (AOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.98). Condom breakage was more frequent among FSWs who reported both physical beating (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.84) and rape (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.55).
conclusionFSWs in Ethiopia are vulnerable to physical and sexual violence, and the risk increases when they are younger, street-based and high consumers of alcohol or khat. Therefore, targeted efforts are needed for prevention and harm reduction.
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