ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2019
Risks of preterm birth among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white women: Effect modification by maternal age.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation and spontaneous preterm birth among pregnant black women.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Maternal Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Single-Center Case-Control Study in Hungary.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Predictors of Inflammation-Mediated Preterm Birth.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Greenspace Morphology and Preterm Birth: A State-Wide Study in Georgia, United States (2001-2016).Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Risk Analysis of Cerebral Palsy and Other Neuro-Psychological Comorbidities in Children with Low Birth Weight in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Social determinants among Black people during pregnancy following a short interpregnancy interval.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
- Boston Birth Cohort profile: rationale and study design.Precision nutrition · 2022Article
- Maternal Interaction With Infants Among Women at Elevated Risk for Postpartum Depression.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Parental age and preterm birth: a population-based cohort of nearly 3 million California livebirths from 2007 to 2012.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Comparison of adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Gaining a deeper understanding of social determinants of preterm birth by integrating multi-omics data.Pediatric research · 2021Review
- Preterm birth, unplanned hospital contact, and mortality in infants born to teenage mothers in five countries: An administrative data cohort study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Article
- The epidemiologic characteristics and associated risk factors of preterm birth from 2004 to 2013 in Taiwan.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreterm birth (PTB) disproportionately affects African American compared with Caucasian women, although reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Some suggest that a differential effect of maternal age by race/ethnicity, especially at older maternal ages, may explain disparities.
objectiveTo determine whether the relationship between maternal age and preterm birth varies by race/ethnicity among primiparae non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW).
methodsA cross-sectional study of 367 081 singleton liveborn first births to NHB and NHW women in California from 2008 to 2012 was conducted. Rate ratios (RR) were estimated for PTB and its subtypes-spontaneous and clinician-initiated-after adjusting for confounders through Poisson regression. Universal age/race reference groups (NHW, 25-29 years) and race-specific reference groups (NHW or NHB, 25-29 years) were used for comparisons.
resultsAmong all women, RR of PTB was highest at the extremes of age (<15 and ≥40 years). Among NHBs, the risk of PTB was higher than among NHWs at all maternal ages (adjusted RR of PTB 1.38-2.93 vs 0.98-2.38). However, using race-specific reference groups, the risk of PTB for NHB women (RR 0.91-1.88) vs NHW women (RR 0.98-2.39) was nearly identical at all maternal ages, with overlapping confidence intervals. Analyses did not demonstrate substantial divergence of risk with advancing maternal age. PTB, spontaneous PTB, and clinician-initiated PTB demonstrated similar risk patterns at younger but not older maternal ages, where risk of clinician-initiated PTB increased sharply for all women.
conclusionsPrimiparae NHBs demonstrated increased risk of PTB, spontaneous PTB, and clinician-initiated PTB compared with NHWs at all maternal ages. However, RRs using race-specific reference groups converged across maternal ages, indicating a similar independent effect of maternal age on PTB by race/ethnicity. A differential effect of maternal age does not appear to explain disparities in preterm birth by race/ethnicity.
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