Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31364727›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of oncology2019

RAC2 acts as a prognostic biomarker and promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Yuenan Liu, Gong Cheng, Zhengshuai Song, Tianbo Xu, Hailong Ruan, Qi Cao, Keshan Wang, Lin Bao, Jingchong Liu, Lijie Zhou and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. How Functional Variants Reconfigure the Rac2 Conformational Landscape.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Decoding Rho GTPase signalling networks in directed cell migration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yuenan LiuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Gong ChengDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Zhengshuai SongDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Tianbo XuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Hailong RuanDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Qi CaoDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Keshan WangDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Lin BaoDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Jingchong LiuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Lijie ZhouDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Di LiuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Hongmei YangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
Ke ChenDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Xiaoping ZhangDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology · CNUnion Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As one of the most commonly reported malignancies of the urinary system, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an advanced metastatic tumor with high mortality rates. The Rac family small GTPase 2 (RAC2) is a member of the Rho GTPases. Although Rho GTPases play an important role in numerous different types of tumor, whether they have functions in ccRCC remains uncertain. The present study utilized bioinformatics analyses in order to compare the expression levels of RAC2 in ccRCC tumors vs. adjacent tissues, and assessed the association between RAC2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Furthermore, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to validate RAC2 expression levels in human ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments were also conducted in order to identify the roles of RAC2 in vitro. The results revealed that RAC2 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, elevated expression levels of RAC2 were significantly associated with a poor overall survival (P=0.0061), higher Tumor‑Node‑Metastasis stage and worse G grade. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that high expression levels of RAC2 could be a diagnostic index for ccRCC (area under the curve, 0.9095; P<0.0001). Furthermore, knockdown of RAC2 in vitro attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of renal carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that RAC2 may act as a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of ccRCC, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for treating ccRCC.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBiomarkers, TumorCarcinoma, Renal CellCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationDisease ProgressionEarly Detection of CancerFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansKidney NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingNeoplasm StagingBiomarkers, TumorRAC2 GTP-Binding Proteinrac GTP-Binding Proteins

Identifiers

PMID31364727
PMCPMC6685597
OpenAlexW2966083777

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.