Observational studyEpidemiology and infection2019
Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features.
Observational study in Epidemiology and infection, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- Re-analysis of an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with raw drinking milk using Nanopore sequencing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Animal and environmental risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in England: a case control study for O157, O26 and other STEC serotypes.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Understanding the impact funding cuts on Environmental and regulatory services and gastrointestinal infections: a longitudinal ecological study.NIHR open research · 2023Article
- The epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producingEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010-2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19-2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36-2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16-2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40-2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35-2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22-2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13-1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.