ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Prevalence and Overlap of Potential Embolic Sources in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02766205 (Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (AF-ESUS)
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stroke secondary to cancer-associated coagulopathy: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Atrial Cardiopathy and Nonstenosing Large Artery Plaque in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.Stroke · 2020Trial
- Histopathological analysis of a retrieved cerebral thrombus revealing occult lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Atrial cardiopathy and thrombus composition in acute ischemic stroke: histological examination reveals insights into etiology and outcomes.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Atrial cardiomyopathy: current clinical perspectives and future insights.Future cardiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Cerebrovascular and Peripheral Vascular Complications in Cancer Patients.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnostic Use of Transcranial Doppler and Sonography: A Scoping Review of Current Applications and Future Directions.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Left Atrial Strain in Differentiating Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source From Other Acute Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Related to Large-Vessel Occlusion.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Echocardiographic Features and Clinical Outcomes.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Shifting Outcomes: Superior Functional Recovery in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Compared to Cardioembolic Stroke.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Review
- Cryptogenic embolic stroke and cancer.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Overview and Future Direction of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source from the Insights of CHALLENGE ESUS/CS Registry.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Review
- Embolic strokes of undetermined source: a clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC.European heart journal · 2024Article
- Machine Learning Modeling to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Cancer and arterial thrombosis: therapeutic options.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Screening, and Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Age-dependent sex differences in non-stenotic intracranial plaque of embolic stroke of undetermined source.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- P-wave indices and left atrial mechanics as predictors of atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the prevalence and degree of overlap of potential embolic sources (PES) in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Methods and Results In a pooled data set derived from 3 prospective stroke registries, patients were categorized in ≥1 groups according to the PES that was/were identified. We categorized PES as follows: atrial cardiopathy, atrial fibrillation diagnosed during follow-up, arterial disease, left ventricular disease, cardiac valvular disease, patent foramen ovale, and cancer. In 800 patients with ESUS (43.1% women; median age, 67.0 years), 3 most prevalent PES were left ventricular disease, arterial disease, and atrial cardiopathy, which were present in 54.4%, 48.5%, and 45.0% of patients, respectively. Most patients (65.5%) had >1 PES, whereas only 29.7% and 4.8% of patients had a single or no PES, respectively. In 31.1% of patients, there were ≥3 PES present. On average, each patient had 2 PES (median, 2). During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, stroke recurrence occurred in 101 (12.6%) of patients (23.3 recurrences per 100 patient-years). In multivariate analysis, the risk of stroke recurrence was higher in the atrial fibrillation group compared with other PES, but not statistically different between patients with 0 to 1, 2, or ≥3 PES. Conclusions There is major overlap of PES in patients with ESUS. This may possibly explain the negative results of the recent large randomized controlled trials of secondary prevention in patients with ESUS and offer a rationale for a randomized controlled trial of combination of anticoagulation and aspirin for the prevention of stroke recurrence in patients with ESUS. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02766205.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.