ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2019
The effect of palmitic acid on inflammatory response in macrophages: an overview of molecular mechanisms.
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 287 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
287 citing papers in PubMed, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of consumption of interesterified fats rich in palmitic acid compared with stearic acid on intermediary markers of cardiometabolic disease risk: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Review
- Article
- Scalp Microbiome Alterations in Androgenetic Alopecia: Patterns and Emerging Mechanistic Insights.International journal of dermatology · 2026Review
- Palmitic acid in cancer research: mechanistic insights from in vitro and in vivo studies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeted metabolomics identifies associations of plasma ceramides and their ratios with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- The interplay between lipid metabolism, cancer progression and anti-cancer immunity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Dual Roles of Free Fatty Acids in Gout Pathogenesis: Inflammatory Drivers and Metabolic Mediators.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Pink lotus flower (Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- The Mechanism and Pathways of Formation and Modification of Salivary Metabolic Profile in Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- High cholesterol absorption efficiency enhances proatherogenic properties of low-density lipoprotein particles.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Macrophage metabolism reprogramming in sepsis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Keratinocytes Contributes to Chronic Itch by Activation of Lipocalin 2/MC4R/TRPV1 Pathway.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids as Evolutionarily Conserved Signals of Immune Activation.DNA and cell biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Palmitate and oleate differentially regulate oxidative stress and drug resistance markers in steatotic HepG2 cells.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of Selected Pro-Health Biologically Active Chemical Compounds inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of some biological activities of essential oils and extracts (waste and non-waste) of two species used by people: Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. and Salvia reuteriana Boiss. from natural habitats of Kashan.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil reactive oxygen species response to Trichomonas vaginalis modulated by palmitic acid.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2026Article
- Arabica coffee oil extract enhances neuronal resilience under hypoxic stress through HIF-1α and EGFR signaling modulation.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
227 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and TLR4, play an important role. Nevertheless, palmitic acid is not only a TLR agonist. In the cell, this fatty acid is converted into phospholipids, diacylglycerol and ceramides. They trigger the activation of various signaling pathways that are common for LPS-mediated TLR4 activation. In particular, metabolic products of palmitic acid affect the activation of various PKCs, ER stress and cause an increase in ROS generation. Thanks to this, palmitic acid also strengthens the TLR4-induced signaling. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of inflammatory response induced by palmitic acid. In particular, we focus on describing its effect on ER stress and IRE1α, and the mechanisms of NF-κB activation. We also present the mechanisms of inflammasome NLRP3 activation and the effect of palmitic acid on enhanced inflammatory response by increasing the expression of FABP4/aP2. Finally, we focus on the consequences of inflammatory responses, in particular, the effect of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 on insulin resistance. Due to the high importance of macrophages and the production of proinflammatory cytokines by them, this work mainly focuses on these cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.