ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Expression of HERV Genes as Possible Biomarker and Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers in ALS trials: from discovery to clinical utility.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Expression and Immunogenicity of Human Endogenous Retroviral Proteins in Cancer and Discussion of Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Plasma exosomal HERV-K transcripts are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- A phylogeny-guided framework for decoding mechanisms of human endogenous retrovirus regulation in health and disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nucleoside-Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Against Multiple Sclerosis: Comprehensive Review on a Possible Novel Therapeutic Approach.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Oncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Putative Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Inflammation, and Senescence.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Review
- HervD Atlas: a curated knowledgebase of associations between human endogenous retroviruses and diseases.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- The Molecular Link Between TDP-43, Endogenous Retroviruses and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Potential Target for Triumeq, an Antiretroviral Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- HERVs and Cancer-A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Cancers.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of medical virology · 2023Review
- Modulation of HERV Expression by Four Different Encephalitic Arboviruses during Infection of Human Primary Astrocytes.Viruses · 2022Article
- DNA methylation changes in glial cells of the normal-appearing white matter in Multiple Sclerosis patients.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review on Body Fluid Biomarkers for Prognosis and Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of prolonged exposure to ELF-EMF on HERVs expression in human melanoma cells.Molecular biology research communications · 2022Article
- Therapeutic potential of the human endogenous retroviral envelope protein HEMO: a pan-cancer analysis.Molecular oncology · 2022Article
- Human endogenous retroviruses and the inflammatory response: A vicious circle associated with health and illness.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- An assessment of bioinformatics tools for the detection of human endogenous retroviral insertions in short-read genome sequencing data.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genetic parasites, in-between genetics and environment. Few HERVs retain some coding capability. Sometimes, the host has the advantage of some HERV genes; conversely, HERVs may contribute to pathogenesis. The expression of HERVs depends on several factors, and is regulated epigenetically by stimuli such as inflammation, viral and microbial infections, etc. Increased expression of HERVs occurs in physiological and pathological conditions, in one or more body sites. Several diseases have been attributed to one or more HERVs, particularly neurological diseases. The key problem is to differentiate the expression of a HERV as cause or effect of a disease. To be used as a biomarker, a correlation between the expression of a certain HERV and the disease onset and/or behavior must be found. The greater challenge is to establish a pathogenic role. The criteria defining causal connections between HERVs and diseases include the development of animal models, and disease modulation in humans, by anti-HERV therapeutic antibody. So far, statistically significant correlations between HERVs and diseases have been achieved for HERV-W and multiple sclerosis; disease reproduction in transgenic animals was achieved for HERV-W and multiple sclerosis, and for HERV-K and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical trials for both diseases are in progress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.