ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2021
Genes Related to Education Predict Frailty Among Older Adults in the United States.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Multi-Polygenic prediction of Frailty and its Trajectories highlights Chronic Pain, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Educational Attainment pathways.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Nomogram to Predict Frailty for Older Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Article
- Spousal education and frailty levels among Chinese older adults: A national longitudinal study.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Marital transitions and frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China: The roles of social support.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Genetic, Social, and Lifestyle Drivers of Healthy Aging and Longevity.Current genetic medicine reports · 2022Article
- Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals.Nature genetics · 2022Article
- Article
- Frailty and socioeconomic status: a systematic review.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- Genetics of frailty: A longevity perspective.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis article expands on research that links education and frailty among older adults by considering the role of genes associated with education.
methodData come from a sample of 7,064 non-Hispanic, white adults participating in the 2004-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Frailty was measured with two indices: (a) The Frailty Index which corresponds to a deficit accumulation model; and (b) The Paulson-Lichtenberg Frailty Index which corresponds to the biological syndrome/phenotype model. Genes associated with education were quantified using an additive polygenic score. Associations between the polygenic score and frailty indices were tested using a series of multilevel models, controlling for multiple observations for participants across waves.
resultsResults showed a strong and negative association between genes for education and frailty symptoms in later life. This association exists above and beyond years of completed education and we demonstrate that this association becomes weaker as older adults approach their 80s. DISCUSSION: The results contribute to the education-health literature by highlighting new and important pathways through which education might be linked to successful aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.